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Respiratory > Respiratory Physiology- Mechanics > Flashcards

Respiratory Physiology- Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Major inspiratory muscles

A

Diaphragm

External intercostal muscles

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2
Q

Accessory muscles of inspiration

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenus
Pectoral

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3
Q

Muscles of ACTIVE expiration

A

Abdominal muscles

Internal intercostal muscles

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4
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Vol of air entering/ leaving muscles during a single breath

0.5L

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5
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

Extra volume of air that can be maximally inspired over and above the typical resting volume
3L

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6
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume

A

Extra volume of air that can be actively expired by maximal contraction beyond normal volume of air after a resting tidal volume
1L

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7
Q

Residual Volume

A

Minimum volume of air left in lungs, even after maximal respiration
Cannot be measured with spirometer
1.2L

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8
Q

Inspiratory Capacity

A

Maximum volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal quiet expiration
IRV+TV
3.5L

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9
Q

Functional Residual Capacity

A

Volume of air in lungs at end of normal passive expiration
ERV+RV
2.2L

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10
Q

Vital Capacity

A

Maximum volume of air that can be moved out in a single breath following maximal expiration
IRV+TV+ERV
4.5L

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11
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

Maximum volume of air the lungs can hold
RV cannot be measured by spirometry and therefore neither can TLC
VC+RV
5.7L

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12
Q

What can be determined from volume-time curves?

A

FVC
FEV 1
FEV 1/FVC ratio

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13
Q

Forced Vital Capacity

A

Max volume which can be forcibly expelled from lungs after max inspiration

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14
Q

FEV1

A

Volume of air that can be expired in 1st second of expiration in FVC

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15
Q

FEV1/FVC ratio

A

Proportion of FVC expired in first second

Usually >70%

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16
Q

Equation to calculate flow

A

F=deltaP/R
F=flow
P=pressure
R=resistance

17
Q

Dynamic Airway Compression

A

The rising pleural pressure during active expiration compresses the alveoli and airway

Doesn’t cause problems for ‘normal’ people; only for patients with airway obstructions

18
Q

Pulmonary compliance

A

Measure of effort which goes into stretching/ distending lungs

Less compliant lungs= more work required to produce a given degree of inflation

19
Q

Factors contributing to decreased pulmonary compliance

A 
Pulmonary fibrosis
Pulmonary oedema
Lung collapse
Pneumonia
Absence of surfactant
20
Q

Normal work of breathing and what causes it to increases?

A 
3% of total energy expenditure
Increases when:
- pulmonary compliance decreases
- airway resistance increases
- elastic recoil decreases
- increased need for ventilation

Respiratory (10 decks)

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