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Anatomy > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two parts of the respiratory system and what are they made up of

A

The upper respiratory tract is made from the nose to the pharynx and the lower respiratory tract which is the larynx and everything else

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2
Q

Respiratory system functions

A

Inhalation, exhalation, sound production, defense, and olfaction

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3
Q

What are the processes of respiration and what are they categorized into

A

Pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, transport of respiratory gases, and internal respiration. The pulmonary ventilation and internal respiration make up the respiratory system while the other two make up the cardiovascular system

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4
Q

What is the upper respiratory tract divided into

A

The nose, pharynx, and paranasal sinuses

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5
Q

What is the function of the nose and nasal cavities

A

They are a passageway for air to come in, they filter and moisten this air coming in they house olfactory receptors and are resonating chambers for speech

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6
Q

What are the nose and nasal cavities made up of?

A

They are made of cranial bones and cartilage

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7
Q

What are some structures within the nose and nasal cavities

A

Nostrils, nasal vestibule, nasal septum, and the hard and soft palates

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8
Q

What are the respiratory mucosa and olfactory mucosa

A

The respiratory mucosa are mucous secreting cells in the respiratory tract and olfactory mucosa is the

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9
Q

What is the purpose of nasal conchae and the nasal meatuses

A

They increase the surface area of the nasal cavity so that the air has to pass through more space allowing for increased filtration, heat, and moisture of the air that is coming in

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10
Q

What are the four paranasal sinuses and what is their function

A

The paranasal sinuses help to lighten the weight of the skull, act as resonance chambers and moisten the air. There is the frontal sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses

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11
Q

What are the three regions of the pharynx

A

There is the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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12
Q

Where is the nasopharynx and what does it let into the body. What are the tonsils for the respiratory system

A

The nasopharynx is above the soft palate and it lets air into the body. The tonsils of the nasopharynx are the pharyngeal tonsils and the tubal tonsils

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13
Q

What is the oropharynx, what does it let pass-through and what are the tonsils within it?

A

The oropharynx is the part of the pharynx that is parallel to the oral cavity. It lets in air and food. Its tonsils are the lingual tonsils and the palatine tonsils

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14
Q

What is the laryngopharynx made of, what is it posterior to, and what is it in between

A

The laryngopharynx is Inferior to the oropharynx and made of tough epithelial tissue to protect it from abrasion from food. It is posterior to the larynx and is in between the hyoid bone and the top of the esophagus

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15
Q

What are the two portions of the lower respiratory tract

A

There is the conducting portion and the circulatory portion

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16
Q

What is the conducting portion made up of

A

It is made up of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

17
Q

What is the circulatory portion made up of

A

It is made up of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

18
Q

What is the larynx

A

The larynx is made of pieces of cartilage and connects the pharynx to the trachea.

19
Q

What is the function of the larynx

A

larynx functions to create sound blocks the air passageway when swallowing food

20
Q

What are the laryngeal prominence and the thyroid cartilage?

A

The laryngeal prominence is the part of the thyroid cartilage that sticks out it is known as the adam’s apple. The thyroid cartilage is the biggest cartilage around the larynx

21
Q

What is the circoid cartilage and epiglottis

A

The circoid cartilage is the inferior cartilage to the thyroid cartilage and the epiglottis is made of elastic cartilage and its job is to cover the opening to the trachea when we swallow

22
Q

What are the vocal ligaments made of and what do they do

A

They are made of elastic avascular fibers and they vibrate during exhalation to produce sounds

23
Q

What are the false vocal cords

A

They close the glottis

24
Q

What is the trachea, what is it anterior to

A

The trachea is a structure that is made up of hyaline cartilage and elastic fibers and it is anterior to the esophagus

25
Q

What are the sections for the bronchi

A

There is the primary (Main) bronchi, the secondary (lobar) bronchi, and tertiary (segmental) bronchi

26
Q

What allows for constriction of bronchi and bronchiole and what type of tissue is important in them

A

They have smooth muscle within their walls. They have simple squamous tissue which is important for the diffusion of gases

27
Q

What is the movement of gases through the circulatory portion of the lower respiratory tract

A

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacks, alveoli

28
Q

What are the alveoli

A

The alveoli are little sacs in the lungs that exchange gases with capillaries

29
Q

Explain the three cells in the respiratory membrane

A

There is the type 1 cell which is made of simple squamous tissue and the type 2 cells which are made of cuboidal tissues to prevent alveolar collapse and the alveolar macrophages

30
Q

What is the respiratory membrane made out of

A

It is made out of type 1 cells and the capillaries surrounding the alveoli

31
Q

What are the fissures and lobes of the right lung

A

The fissures are the oblique fissure and horizontal fissure and the lobes are the superior middles and inferior lobes

32
Q

What are the fissures and lobes of the left lung

A

The fissure is the oblique fissure and the lobes are the superior ad inferior lobes

Anatomy (11 decks)

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