respiratory system pt. 1

Question 1

what are the general functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

• gas exchange between air & blood, O2 & CO2
• helps with olfaction
• vocalizations
• regulate pH of blood

Question 2

what are the four types of atmospheric gases?

Answer 2

• nitrogen
• oxygen
• carbon dioxide
• other

Question 3

what is the percentage of nitrogen in atmospheric gases?

Answer 3

78%

Question 4

what is the percentage of oxygen in atmospheric gases?

Answer 4

20-21%

Question 5

what is the percentage of carbon dioxide in atmospheric gases?

Answer 5

0.03-0.04%

Question 6

what is the percentage of the other gases in atmospheric gases?

Answer 6

0.97%/100

Question 7

which gas is physiologically inert?

Answer 7

nitrogen

Question 8

which gases are physiologically important?

Answer 8

oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 9

what structures/organs are involved in the pathway of air?

Answer 9

1. nasal cavity
2. pharynx
3. larynx
4. trachea
5. primary (R&L) bronchi
6. secondary bronchi
7. tertiary bronchi
8. bronchioles

Question 10

what is the difference between conductive structures and gas exchange structures?

Answer 10

• conductive structures are only a passageway for air, so there is no gas exchange occurring
• alveoli is a gas exchange structure, which exchanges gas between air and capillaries of lungs

Question 11

what is the importance of respiratory epithelial lining?

Answer 11

it acts to protect and effectively clear the airways, and lungs of inhaled pathogens and irritants

Question 12

what is the importance of hyaline cartilage rings of trachea, bronchi and bronchioles?

Answer 12

to facilitate the passage of air

Question 13

what are the 3 types of cells that make up that alveoli?

Answer 13

1. type 1 alveolar cells (alveolar epithelial cells)
2. type 2 alveolar cells (surfactant cells)
3. alveolar macrophages

Question 13

what is the function of the type 1 alveolar cell?

Answer 13

gas exchange

Question 14

what is the function of the type 2 alveolar cell?

Answer 14

• decrease surface tension of watery film
• lines alveoli via production & secretion of surfactant

Question 15

what is the function of the alveolar macrophages?

Answer 15

engulf debris

Question 16

how is oxygen carried in blood?

Answer 16

binds to iron part of hemoglobin molecule

Question 17

what are the 3 ways that carbon dioxide can be carried in blood?

Answer 17

1. a small amount is dissolved in plasma CO2
2. on globin part of hemoglobin
3. as bicarbonate ions

Question 18

what is the bicarbonate ion equation?

Answer 18

CO2 + H2O –> (<–) H2CO3 –> HCO2 - +H+

Question 19

how many oxygen molecules can a hemoglobin molecule carry?

Answer 19

4

Question 20

how many hemoglobin molecules are in 1 RBC?

Answer 20

~280 million