Respitory 1 Flashcards
Undine‘s curse
Inability to breathe unconsciously
(Central pulmonary hypoventilation syndrome)
Congenital, trauma, stroke, surgery, poisoning, PD, MS
Pathway of air through normal respiration
Nasal vestibule -> nasal cavity -> trachea -> left and right primary bronchi -> secondary bronchi (go into lobes)-> all other bronchi -> alveoli (covered in capillary beds for gas exchange)
What muscles are activated during active/labored breathing?
Scalene’s, SCM, external intercostals, serratus anterior, pec minor, traps, levator scap, lats, erector spinae group, QL, serratus posterior
What respiratory muscles are active during expiration?
Serratus posterior inferior, abdominal muscles, pyramidalis, lower trap, lats
What muscle is responsible for side ache?
Serratus posterior inferior (expiration)
What muscles are responsible for “quiet breathing“?
Diaphragm and internal intercostals
Innervation of respiratory system
Parasympathetic: presynaptic fibers from CNX. (broncoconstrictors)
Sympathetic: post synaptic fibers from sympathetic trunk (bronchodilators)
Bronchi
Primary: One to each lung
Secondary: One to each lobe
Tertiary: Oneto each bronchopulmonary segment
Where do more instances of aspiration happen?
Right side because the right primary bronchus is more vertical and shorter
Where does the tracheal bifurcation happen?
At sternal angle (T4/5 disc level) in living, during deep inspiration, may reach T6
What is anterior to the trachea in the neck?
Sternohyoid in sternothyroid, isthmus of thyroid gland, Thyroidea ima artery(of present, 3-10%)
What is posterior to the trachea in the neck?
Esophagus
What is lateral to the trachea in the neck?
Lobes of thyroid gland, carotid artery, recurrent laryngeal nerve
What is anterior to the trachea in the thorax?
Remains of thymus, left BCV, origins of BCT and LCCA, aortic arch, thyroidea ima
What is located on the right side of the trachea in the thorax?
Pleura, R vagus, R BCV, SVC, root of azygous vein
