Respitory 2

Question 1

Where is the larynx located?

Answer 1

In the midline of anterior aspect of neck between C4 and 6

Superficially seen as a laryngeal prominence (Adams apple)

Question 2

What are the four types of Cartilage in the Larynx?

Answer 2

Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, Arytenoid cartilage, epiglottic Cartilage

Question 3

Is the thyroid cartilage paired or unpaired?

Answer 3

Unpaired

Question 4

Which cartilage of the larynx is the largest?

Answer 4

Thyroid cartilage

Question 5

What cartilage is inferior to the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 5

Cricoid cartilage

Question 6

Phonation

Answer 6

Production of sound
Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Except: Cricothyroid-> external branch of superior laryngeal nerve (branch of vagus)

Question 7

Expensive diseases of heart and great vessels

Answer 7

Cause hoarseness if unilaterally… Changes in quality of voice may be first sign of cardiovascular disease

Question 8

Which laryngeal cartilage forms the anterior wall of aditus? How is it attached?

Answer 8

Epiglottic cartilage… Attached by ligaments to hyoid and thyroid cartilages

Question 9

Which laryngeal cartilage contributes to the upper edge of the quadrangular membrane?

Answer 9

Cuneiform cartilages

Question 10

What is the quadrangular membrane?

Answer 10

Extends from sides of epiglottic cartilage to corniculate and arttenoid cartilages

Question 11

What is the conus elasticus?

Answer 11

Well developed sheet which arises from upper border of arch of cricoid cartilage and extends upward and medially. Upper edges of both sheets are taken to form vocal ligaments

Question 12

What creates the aryepiglottic fold?

Answer 12

The reflection of mucosa over the upper edge of the quadrangular membrane creates the aryepiglottic fold

Question 13

False vocal chord

Answer 13

Vestibular fold

Mucosal lining continues down medial surface of quadrangular membrane and at lower Free edge of Membrane is reflected laterally, which creates the vestibular fold

Question 14

What is a common site for a bit of food to get stuck, especially fish bones?

Answer 14

Piriform recess

Question 15

True vocal cords

Answer 15

Vocal fold

Lateral reflection of mucosa from vestibular fold creates a small lateral recess, ventricle of larynx. Inferior leaf of this reflection continues over free edge of the vocal ligament to form vocal fold

Question 16

What swells during anaphylaxis?

Answer 16

Mucosa swells in anaphylaxis, obstruction can result from swelling at vestibular folds

Question 17

What is the space between vestibular folds called?

Answer 17

Rima vestibuli

Question 18

What is the space between the true vocal cords called?

Answer 18

Roma glottidis

Question 19

What muscle adducts the vocal cords?

Answer 19

Cricothyroid and lateral cricoarytenoid

Question 20

Cricothyroid muscle

Answer 20

Only muscle not innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve

Innervation: External branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Lengthens, tenses, adducts vocal cords

Question 21

Which muscle abducts the vocal cords?

Answer 21

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 22

What muscle pulls arytenoid Cartlidge anteriorly?

Answer 22

Thyroarytenoid muscle

Question 23

When the cricothyroid opens, the vocalis…

Answer 23

Cricothyroid opens, vocalis closes

Question 24

Patient presents with expensive heart condition affecting vessels, which larynx won’t be affected by expensive condition of heart?

Answer 24

Cricothyroid

Question 25

What is the motor innervation of the larynx?

Answer 25

To intrinsic muscles= recurrent laryngeal nerve of Vagus

Except for… Cricothyroid nerve: external branch of superior laryngeal nerve of vagus

Question 26

What is a sensory innervation of the larynx?

Answer 26

From mucosa above vocal cords= internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve of Vagus

From mucosa below vocal cords= recurrent laryngeal nerve of vagus

Question 27

What vessels supply the upper half of the larynx?

Answer 27

Superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery and vein

Question 28

What vessels supply the lower half of the larynx?

Answer 28

Inferior laryngeal branch of inferior thyroid artery and vein