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Review > Review 10 > Flashcards

Review 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Smooth ER function

A
  • Lipid synthesis
  • Detox
  • Transport of materials
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2
Q

Peroxisome function

A

Break down fatty acids via beta oxidation

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3
Q

Microtubules are related to _____ (7 things)

A

Kinesin & Dynein
Tubulin
Centrioles & Centrosomes
Cilia & Flagella

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4
Q

Intermediate filament function

A 
Cell adhesion
Cytoskeleton integrity (anchor organelles)
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5
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

Can survive w/ or w/o O2

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6
Q

Aerotolerant anaerobes

A

Can’t use O2 for metabolism, but can survive in O2 environment

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7
Q

Conjugation = transfer from ____ to ______

A

F+ to F-

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8
Q

Connective tissue functions

A

Secrete substances to form extracellular matrix (collagen/elastin)
Form support structure for epithelial cells = stroma

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9
Q

Describe mitochondrial DNA (2 things)

A

Circular dsDNA

Self-replicating

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10
Q

Nucleolus

A

rRNA synthesis

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11
Q

Prokaryotic ribosomal subunits

Eukaryotic ribosomal subunits

A

Prokaryote: 30 + 50 = 70

Eukaryote: 40 + 60 = 80

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12
Q

What gene does the Y chromosome contain?

A

SRY gene => stimulates testes differentiation

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13
Q

Sperm are nourished by _______ ______

A

Sertoli cells

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14
Q

What do seminal vesicles do?

A

Nourish sperm w/ fructose

Produce alkaline fluid

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15
Q

Spermatogenesis

A 
Spermatogonium
S stage => primary spermatocytes
Meiosis I => secondary spermatocytes
Meiosis II => spermatids
Maturation => spermatozoa = sperm (x4)
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16
Q

At birth, all oogonia have undergone replication and are considered ______ and arrested in _______

A

Primary oocyte - arrested in prophase I

17
Q

Oogenesis

A

Oogonium => 1 haploid ovum and polar bodies

18
Q

Ovulated egg each month = ______

Arrested in ________

A

Ovulated egg each month becomes secondary oocyte

Arrested in metaphase II

19
Q

Effect of FSH in males
- Females

Effect of LH in males
- Females

A

FSH in males => stims Sertoli cells, triggers spermatogenesis
- Females => develop follicles

LH => causes interstitial cells to produce testosterone
- Females => causes ovulation

20
Q

Follicular phase

A

GnRH => LH + FSH

=> Follicle development, estrogen release

21
Q

Ovulation

A

Mature egg is released from ovary into fallopian tube

  • Due to surge in LH from increased estrogen
22
Q

Luteal phase

A

Ruptured follicle => corpus luteum

  • Releases progesterone (maintains uterine lining)
  • Highe estrogen => neg. feedback on LH, FSH, GnRH
23
Q

When does spindle apparatus first interact w/ kinetochore fibers?

A

End of prophase

24
Q

How does estrogen affect endometrium?

A

Causes growth of endometrial lining

Promotes vascularization and glandularization

25
Q

Epididymis

A

Site of sperm maturation

=> sperm gain motility and are stored until ejaculation

26
Q

During first trimester, corpus luteum is preserved by ______

A

hCG

27
Q

Neural tube => _______

Neural crest cells => _______

A

Tube => CNS

Crest => PNS

28
Q

First trimester

Second

Third

A

1st = Organogenesis

2nd = Growth

3rd = Growth, Ab transfer

29
Q

Difference b/w morula and blastula

A

Morula => blastula => gastrula

  • Blastula has more cells + hollow in middle (blastocoel)
  • Morula = larger cells than blastula
30
Q

Senescence

A

Biological aging

31
Q

What does placenta produce and why?

A

Produces estrogen and progesterone to maintain endometrium

32
Q

In paracrine signalling, molecules spread by ______

A

Diffusion

33
Q

Pluripotent vs. Totipotent

A

Pluripotent = can differentiate into any of 3 germ layers

Totipotent = can differentiate into 3 germ layers + fetal tissue

34
Q

Complete vs. Incomplete regeneration

A

Complete = tissue is regenerated to be identical to how it was previously (same function/structure)
- Ex. liver

Incomplete = not identical
- Ex. cardiac (scar forms)

35
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

Connects pulmonary artery to aorta (bypasses lungs)

36
Q

Ductus venosus

A

Connects umbilical vein to inferior vena cava (bypasses liver)

Review (13 decks)

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