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Review > Review 14 > Flashcards

Review 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Which fatty acid can humans synthesize?

A

Palmitic acid (16:0)

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2
Q

When is primary oocyte made (what life stage)?

What happens to oocyte at puberty?

What happens when fertilized?

A
  • Primary oocyte = made in fetus (b/w fertilization and birth)
  • Puberty = 1˙ oocyte goes through meiosis I => 2˙ oocyte
  • Fertilization = 2˙ oocyte goes through meiosis II
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3
Q

Hemiacetal has or does not have repeated groups?

Acetal and ketal differ how?

A

Does not have repeated groups

  • OH, OR, R, H

Acetal has R and H w/ 2 OR’s

Ketal has 2 R’s and 2 OR’s

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4
Q

What type of muscle (s,c,s) is uninucleated?

Multinucleated?

A

Uninucleated = always smooth (sometimes cardiac)

Multinucleated = always skeletal (sometimes cardiac)

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5
Q

Chordate traits (mnemonic)

A

“Do Not Pinch People”

  • Dorsal nerve cord
  • Notochord
  • Pharyngeal slits
  • Postnatal tail
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6
Q

Each NADH => ____ ATP

  • Total NADH => ____ ATP

Each FADH2 => _____ ATP

  • Total FADH2 => ____ ATP

Total ATP/glucose = ____

A

Each NADH => 2.5 ATP

  • Total NADH (10) => 25 ATP

Each FADH2 => 1.5 ATP

  • Total FADH2 (2) => 3 ATP

Total ATP/glucose = 32 ATP

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7
Q

For total internal reflection to occur, light must move from high/low index of refraction to high/low index of refractions

A

TIR = high n to low n

  • Otherwise will not occur
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8
Q

Rightward shift in oxy-hemoglobin curve = what type of muscle?

A

Exercising muscle

  • Hot, hypercarbic, acidic, too much 2,3DPG
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9
Q

Addition of 1˙ or 2˙ amine to carbonyl

A

“SEe PIe”

  • Secondary - enamine
  • Primary - imine
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10
Q

If light moves from lower to higher index of refraction => it will bend (towards/away) from normal

  • From higher to lower n = toward/away from normal?
A

Lower to higher n = bend towards normal

  • Higher to lower n = bend away from normal
  • The higher you get, the more you bend to become normal
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11
Q

Venturi effect

A

Fluid’s velocity becomes faster in constricted tube

  • Q = Av
  • Pressure decreases as velocity increases (according to Bernoulli’s)
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12
Q

Relate density to weight in air and weight in water

A

Density = (Wair) / (Wair - Wwater)

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13
Q

Chylomicrons

A

Transport mechanism for dietary triacylglycerols

  • Transported via lymphatic system
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14
Q

Glycolysis => ___ NADH and ____ ATP

Pyruvate DH => ____ NADH

TCA => ____ NADH, _____ FADH2, ____ GTP per glucose

A

Glycolysis => 2 NADH and 2 ATP

Pyruvate DH => 2 NADH per glucose

TCA => 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 GTP per glucose

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15
Q

Causes of deviations from Hardy-Weinberg (mnemonic)

A

“Maggie May Does Not Smoke”

  • Mutations
  • Migrations
  • Drift (genetic)
  • Non-random mating
  • Selection
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16
Q

Social reproduction

A

Perpetuation of inequalities through social institutions (ex. education, economy)

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17
Q

Electric field lines exit from _____ charges and enter _____ charges

A

Exit from positive charges

Enter negative charges

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18
Q
  • James-Lange
  • Schachter-Singer
A
  • J-L: Arousal => Emotion
  • S-S: Arousal => Interpretation => Emotion
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19
Q

How many weeks into development does embryo => fetus?

A

9 weeks

20
Q

Molar solubility relation to Ksp

A

s^2 = Ksp

21
Q

Faraday’s Constant

A

1 x 10^5 Coulombs/mole

  • 1 amp = 1 C/second
22
Q

How many cm3 are in 1 m3?

A

1 m3 = 106 cm3

23
Q

Hormones that increase blood glucose

A

“STENGGI”

  • Somatotropin
  • Thyroid hormones
  • Epinephrine
  • Norepinephrine
  • Glucagon
  • Glucocorticosteroids
  • Immunoglobulins
24
Q

Can NADH cross inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

No => requires shuttles

  • Glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle
  • Malate-aspartate shuttle
25
Q

What part of nephron has highest solute concentration: cortex or medulla?

A

Medulla

  • Travelling from cortex to medulla = increasing solute concentration
26
Q

Cytochrome c can carry _____ electrons

A

Cytochrome c can carry 1 electron

27
Q

Gastrointestinal hormones

A

“Garlic Cloves Smell Exquisite”

  • Gastrin => increased HCl
  • CCK => gallbladder contraction
  • Secretin => pancreatic bicarb secretion
  • Enterogastrone => inhibits gastrin
28
Q

When are estrogen levels lowest for a woman?

A

During menstruation

29
Q

Products of pyruvate dehydrogenase

  • Regulation
A
  • Oxidizes pyruvate (removes H) => Acetyl CoA
  • Forms NADH
  • Regulated by phosphorylation in high ATP
30
Q

Resistivity and temperature have a _____ relationship

A

Linear

  • Increase T by factor of 2 => increase R by 2
31
Q

ETC

A

Complex I => CoQ + 4 H+

Complex II => CoQ + no H+

CoQ => Complex III

Complex III => Cyt C + 4 H+

Cyt C => Complex IV

Complex IV => O2 + 2 H+

32
Q

Which types of muscle are striated?

Nonstriated?

A

Striated = Skeletal + Cardiac

Nonstriated = Smooth

33
Q

Hormones secreted by anterior pituitary (mnemonic)

A

FLAT PEG

  • FSH
  • LH
  • ACTH
  • TSH
  • Prolactin
  • E = nothing
  • GH
34
Q

1 electron volt (eV) = ___ Joules

A

1 eV = 1.6 * 10-19

35
Q

TCA energy forming steps

A
  • Isocitrate DH => CO2, NADH #1 (rate-limiting step)
  • Alpha-ketoglutarate DH => CO2, NADH #2
  • Succinyl CoA synthetase => Succinyl CoA, GTP
  • Malate DH => NADH #3
36
Q

Calcium hormones

A

Calcitonin - calcium into bones

Parathyroid - voids bones of calcium

37
Q

Menstrual cycle (mnemonic)

A

“FOLd MaPS”

  • Follicular phase
  • Ovulatory phase
  • Luteal phase
  • Menstrual flow
  • Proliferative phase
  • Secretory phase
38
Q

Heat capacity equation

  • Heat capacity at constant volume
A

C = Q / ∆T

  • At constant V or P of monatomic ideal gas, C only depends on number of moles
39
Q

What steps in the cross-bridge cycle require ATP?

A
  • Dissociation of myosin head from actin
  • Conformational change that moves actin and myosin relative to one another
  • Reuptake of Ca2+ into sarcoplasm (moves Ca against its gradient)

* Releasing, Movement, and Reuptake

40
Q

Steps of lactic acid fermentation starting with glucose

A
  1. Glucose is oxidized to pyruvate (through glycolysis)
  2. Pyruvate is reduced by NADH (forming NAD+) to make pyruvate (2 pyruvate => 2 lactate)
41
Q

Fundamental frequency of vibrating string

A

f = v / 2L

42
Q

Range of visible light

A

400 (violet) - 750 (red) nm

43
Q

Morphine leads to release of what NT?

A

Endorphins

44
Q

Cytosine structure

A
  • NH2
  • O
45
Q

Adenine structure

A
  • NH2
46
Q

Guanine structure

A
  • NH2
  • O
47
Q

Thymine structure

A
  • O
  • O
  • Methyl

Review (13 decks)

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