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Geog 252 pt. 2 > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q

Marine derived nutrients

A

stable isotopes n15, c13, used as ecological tracers

amino acids, lipids

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2
Q

Primary productivity

A

the rate at which energy is converted into organic substances by autotrophs

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3
Q

pacific ocean current

A

largest geographic feature on earth
massive role in climates
3 gyres: sub polar, north pacific, south pacific

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4
Q

what is shorezone

A

standardized coastal imaging and habitat mapping systems that characterized physical and biological attributes of the shoreline in a searchable, geo-referenced way

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5
Q

how many estuaries on bc’s coast

A

442

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6
Q

why are estuaries important

A

highly productive in terms of productivity, wildlife habitat, nutrients,
they are complex interactions of tides, waves, salinities, sediment movement, and biological processes

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7
Q

wolves/bears salmon per day

A

wolves catch 21/hour

bears eat 13/day

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8
Q

salmon

A

leech nutrients into forest
bears pee N which goes into earth
bears bring the salmon into the forest which transfers nutrients
wolves only way salmon brain because less parasites and more nutrients
they are allogenic ecosystems engineers

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9
Q

place attachment pros

A 
sense of safety
pro-environmental behaviours
fewer incivilities
adaptive capacity to change
general happiness increases
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10
Q

place attachment cons

A

resistance to leaving
protection can be overblown
hinder new ideas and development

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11
Q

globalization

A

increasing interactions of people through the the growth of international flow in money, ideas and culture

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12
Q

lagoons

A 
restricted access
low wave access
low water exchange
brackish waters
protected
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13
Q

spatial subsidy

A

movement of energy across ecosystem

abiotic or biotic movement

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14
Q

how many species of salmon on our coast

A

5

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15
Q

euphoric layer

A

depth at which light can penetrate down

different organisms can use for photosynthesis

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16
Q

2nd order processes

A

erosion: cliffs
biogenic: coral, mangroves, block wave energy and protect coastlines
cryogenic: seasonal carrying of ice laden coast
deposition: dunes, deltas

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17
Q

coastal biomes

A

least biodiversity data on subside; habitats, coral reefs most diverse
canada has the largest area of natural and preserved coastal terrestrial ecosystem

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18
Q

nearshore

A

starts from the back shore to the offshore
high water mark to the breaker zone
swash zone: most action, tide dependent, white wash takes place,
surf zone: of wave action from waveline to most seaward zone of the breaker zone
breaker zone: where waves begin to break, between 5-10 meters

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19
Q

blue carbon habitat

A

store carbon at rates much higher than terrestrial counterparts

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20
Q

coastal influence

A

the part of land affected by its proximity to the sea,and the part of the sea affected by its proximity to the land

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21
Q

resilience index components

A 
critical infrastructure
transportation
mitigation measures
community plans
community businesses
social systems
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22
Q

sense of place

A

collection of meanings, beliefs, symbols, values, and feelings that individuals or groups associate with a particular locality

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23
Q

coastal geo-visualization

A

ability to view form different angles and perspectives
ability to move from terrestrial to marine
4th dimensional properties and dynamic elements

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24
Q

coastal implications

A

effective coastal planning is limited, necessary to manage this pressure and impact
aquatic coastal ecosystems are critical in providing most of the global ecosystem service
coastal areas have a higher population density

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25
Q

adaptive capacity

A

the ability for an ecosystem to evolve over the long term to become less vulnerable to a disturbance or increase their overall resilience

26
Q

oyster aquaculture impacts

A

such high density their poop can cause eutrophication on eel grass beds

27
Q

aquaculture benefits

A

migrate population
habitat provision
support fish populations
reduce local climate change impacts

28
Q

Rockfish

A 
37 species in bc
don't like to travel
produce more eggs when they get older
found at different depths
over fished
important to the FN
29
Q

rockfish protection

A

account for all rockfish catch
decrease rockfish mortality rate from fishing
establishes area closed to all fishing
improve stock assessment and monitoring

30
Q

where does upwelling and downwelling take place

A

convergence zones

31
Q

what percent of the annual global catch do fisherman catch rockfish

A

12%

32
Q

largest mpa in pacific

A

Bowie Seamount
canadas 7th map
1st pacific mpa

33
Q

mpas cant protect againt

A 
climate change
sedimentation
pollution
marine disease out break
degraded systems
34
Q

kelp forests have

A

holdfasts

35
Q

eelgrass have

A

rhizomes

36
Q

John Gillis’s 1st phase and meaning

A

evolution at the coast

  • fatty acids gave large brain to body ratio
  • intimate and extensive trade
  • highly mobile
  • complex social formation
37
Q

John Gillis’s 2nd phase and meanings

A

exploration of the coast

  • colonization along coast line
  • continents were barriers rather than opportunities
  • used water for movement and trade
38
Q

John Gillis’s 3rd phase and meanings

A

movement inland

  • steam power made it easier and faster to travel on land
  • alienation from the sea
  • humans rewrote history regarding the coast
39
Q

John Gillis’s 4th phase and meanings

A

return to the sea

  • sea shifted from a necessity to a pleasure
  • consumer rather than producer relationship
  • no longer live with the sea
40
Q

coastal communities cons

A

poor transportation
isolated
difficult topography
cant rely on the tourism industry to support economy
risk of sea level rise from climate change

41
Q

how many people live inland bc

A

1.3 million

42
Q

how many people live coastal bc

A

3.3 million

43
Q

most isolated place on the earth

A

st. helena

44
Q

high place attachment means

A

high capacity to change

45
Q

resilience

A

the capacity of a socio ecological system to withstand or absorb stressors and still retain its basic structure, function, and identity

46
Q

vulnerability

A

the conditions determined by physical, environmental, economic, and social factors or processes that reduce or enhance resiliency

47
Q

implication for coastal geo-visualization

A

ability to from different angles and perspectives
ability to go from terrestrial to marine environments
fourth dimensional properties and dynamic elements

48
Q

coping

A

response to get back to previous state before the disturbance
not learning form what happened
short term

49
Q

adaption

A

evolution of society
culture becomes less vulnerable to the crisis in the future
long term

50
Q

ecosystem based management

A

managing ecosystems as a whole
right now things are based on maximum sustainable yield which doesn’t take into consideration the needs of other ecosystems
we need to consider everything but we don’t know everything

51
Q

ecosystem goods and services

provisioning goods

A

products like food, water, biological and ecological raw materials

52
Q

ecosystem goods and services

regulation services

A

climate, water treatment, natural hazards

53
Q

ecosystem goods and services

cultural services

A

spiritual, inspirational, leisure, aesthetic, science education

54
Q

ecosystem goods and services

supporting services

A

nutrient cycling, primary productivity

55
Q

integrated coast management

A

the development and implementation of of a coordinated strategy to balance the allocation of environmental, socio-cultural, and institutional resources to achieve conservation and sustainable multiple use of the coast

56
Q

MAPP

A

marine planning partnership

57
Q

what is mapp

A

a collaborative marine planning partnership between FNs and the province of bc

58
Q

what are the 5 outcomes of mapp

A
  1. collaboration and governance -strengthening FN groups and the government
  2. marine zoning: achieve healthy marine environment, effective conservation, support the economy, support marine communities, reduce user conflicts
  3. stewardship, monitoring, enforcement - want the system to be adaptive, enhance abilities to respond to emergencies, land and sea connections, manage and protect archeological sites
  4. sustainable economic development and healthy communities - economic development happens in a sustainable way
  5. climate change and adaptive management - looked at ecosystems as a whole, incorporated traditional and local knowledge - stakeholder involvement
59
Q

“the perfect mpa”

A

sustain populations in protected region
coverage of all biogeographic regions, easier to monitor species shift
allow protected populations to do well enough to help populate areas outside the mpa

60
Q

community based conservation examples

A

lobster fisherman in maine
seahorse protection in the phillipines
octopus closures in madagadcar

61
Q

issue or sector management

A

provides targeted response to environmental impacts, conflicts, and opportunities
it is limited in its reactionary and piecemeal approach

Geog 252 pt. 2 (1 decks)

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