Review - Compositions - Baroque Flashcards
Give definition Concerto
Give an example title of a concerto
- a popular Baroque instrumental genre for soloist(s) and orchestra
- generally in three movements: fast-slow-fast
- frequenty used ritornello form
- intended to demonstrate the virtuosig (skills) of the soloist(s)
Example: Spring, solo violin concerto
Give definition of ritornello form
Give an exmaple of it in Four Seasons
- a structure (form) used in the first and third movements of the Baroque concerto
- the opening passage (ritornello) is repeated throughout the movement
Example of it: the spring
Give definition of ripieno
- Italian for “full” or “complete”
- another term is “tutti”
- it indcates the full orchestra in the Baroque concerto
Give definition of ostinato
give an example of it in Four Seasons
- Italian for “obstinate” or “persistent” or “stubborn”
- a repeated for a longer period of time
- Example - the dog barking in the second movement of Spring
Give definition of idiomatic writing
give an example title
- the style of writing to highlights the unique technical capabilities of an instrument
- opposite of “generic”
- developed in Barqoue
Example: Spring
Give definition of programmatic writing
example title
- music with descriptive element, inspried by extramusical associations, like a story, or painting
- evolved into a significat features of the 19th-century instrumental writing (program music)
Example: Spring
Provide the term of the definition below.
* a popular Baroque instrumental genre for soloist(s) and orchestra
* generally in three movements: fast-slow-fast
* frequently used ritornello form
* intended to demonstrate the virtuoso (skills) of the soloist(s)
Example: Spring, solo violin concerto
Concerto
Provide the term of the definition below.
* a structure (form) used in the first and third movements of the Baroque concerto
* the opening passage (ritornello) is repeated throughout the movement
Example of it: the spring
ritornello form
- Italian for “full” or “complete”
- another term is “tutti”
- it indcates the full orchestra in the Baroque concerto
ripieno
Provide the term of the definition below.
* Italian for “obstinate” or “persistent” or “stubborn”
* a repeated for a longer period of time
* Example - the dog barking in the second movement of Spring
ostinato
Provide the term of the definition below.
* a note, or a series of notes, held through harmony changes in other part
* Example: the bass pedal point suggests the bagpipes in the third movement of Spring in The Four Seasons
pedal point
Provide the term of the definition below.
* the style of writing to highlights the unique technical capabilities of an instrument
* opposite of “generic”
* developed in Baroque
Example: Spring
idiomatic writing
- music with descriptive element, inspired by extramusical associations, like a story, or painting
- evolved into a significant features of the 19th-century instrumental writing (program music)
Example: Spring
programmatic writing
What is the source of the inspiration or the program of The Four Seasons?
- Sonnets, most likely written by Vivaldi
- portions of the text were printed above the corresponding passages in the original score
What is the Four Seasons’s subtitle?
The Contest Between Harmony and Inspiration (Il cimento dell’armonia e dell’invenzione)
Why is this concerto a programmatic work?
Because the poetic images are described by the music.
What are the performaing forces of “Spring”?
solo violin, strings, and continuo
(continuo usually has two instruments - one plays the bass line that’s written out and another instrument, like a keybaord, plays the harmonies as indicated by the figured bass)
Tempo of four movements
First: Allergro
Second: Largo
Third: Allegro
Keys of 3 movements of “Spring”
First: E major
Second: C sharp minor
Third: E major
Meter of 3 movements of Spring
First: 4 / 4
Second: 3 / 4
Third: 12 / 8
Form of 3 movements of Spring
First: ritornello form
Second: two-part structure
Third: ritornello
Instruments of 3 movements of “Spring”
First: string orchestra and solo violin
Second: reduced rchestration (no cello or continuo)
Third: string orchestra and solo violin
Poetic images of 3 movements of “Spring”
First: joyful spring, birds singing, light wind, thunder and lightning
Second: sleeping goatherd with dog barking at his side
Third: nymphs and shepherds dancing to the soundo f bagpipes
Music depiction of “spring is here”
- lively rhythms, happy, bright sound and dance-like
Music depiction of birds singing
- high-pitch thrills, repeated-notes
*
Music depiction of murmuring streams caressed by gentle breezes
- violins play a fast wavy line
Music depiction of storms with thunder and lightning
- violin play tremolando passages (quick repeats of notes) to describe thunder
- fast 32nd notes scales suggest lightning
