Review Questions

Question 1

infections caused by microorganisms that are not normally pathogenic in persons with a healthy immune system are known as

Answer 1

a. attenuated
b. pathogens
c. opportunistic
d. compromised

Question 2

a type of microorganism that can only cause disease after entering and replicating in a host cell is

Answer 2

a. bacteria
b. virus
c. fungi
d. protozoa

Question 3

which of these is NOT one of the three main routes of human disease transmission?

Answer 3

a. sexual
b. fecal-oral
c. respiratory
d. animal vector

Question 4

serological testing performed to diagnose a viral infection most often involves the detection of

Answer 4

a. antibodies
b. toxins
c. genetic material (DNA or RNA)
d. components of the cell wall

Question 5

a disease control agent that uses live or killed microorganisms or their components to stimulate the immune system and create memory is known as a(n)

Answer 5

a. antibiotic
b. antiseptic
c. vaccine
d. antibody

Question 6

necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is

Answer 6

a. usually asymptomatic
b. associated with an intense malodor
c. treated with systemic antiviral medication
d. most often found in elderly patients

Question 7

which of the following bacterial infections may be reactivated later in life if a person becomes immunocompromised or debilitated?

Answer 7

a. cat-scratch disease
b. tuberculosis
c. scarlet fever
d. actinomycosis

Question 8

which of the following diseases is NOT caused by a streptococcal infection?

Answer 8

a. impetigo
b. scarlet fever
c. erysipelas
d. diphtheria

Question 9

strawberry tongue and a skin rash resembling “a sunburn with goose bumps” is characteristic of

Answer 9

a. measles
b. herpes zoster
c. scarlet fever
d. erysipelas

Question 10

cervicofacial actinomycosis is most often seen in which of these anatomic locations?

Answer 10

a. skin overlying the mandibular angle
b. cervical lymph nodes
c. maxillary sinus
d. hard palate

Question 11

the most common fungal infection seen in the oral cavity is

Answer 11

a. histoplasmosis
b. candidiasis
c. actinomycosis
d. blastomycosis

Question 12

central papillary atrophy and angular cheilitis are both manifestations of

Answer 12

a. syphilis
b. herpes simplex virus
c. candidiasis
d. human papillomavirus

Question 13

which of these therapies is NOT an antifungal agent?

Answer 13

a. nystatin
b. penicillin
c. amphotericin B
d. fluconazole

Question 14

a fungal infection that may be acquired by an immunocompromised patient during a hospital stay, particularly in the setting of building renovations, is

Answer 14

a. aspergillosis
b. histroplasmosis
c. actinomycosis
d. mucormycosis

Question 15

among healthy patients, most primary herpes simplex virus infections are

Answer 15

a. acute herpetic gingivostomatitis
b. herpes labialis
c. central papillary atrophy
d. asymptomatic

Question 16

recurrent intraoral herpes simplex virus infections are almost always located on the

Answer 16

a. attached gingiva or hard palate
b. tongue
c. buccal or labial mucosa
d. soft palate or oropharynx

Question 17

postherpetic neuralgia is a common complication of

Answer 17

a. herpes simplex
b. herpes zoster
c. chickenpox
d. herpangina

Question 18

persistent generalized lymphadenopathy raises suspicion for the possibility of

Answer 18

a. HIV infection
b. measles
c. HPV infections
d. hand-foot, and mouth disease

Question 19

which of the following infections can cause serious harm to a fetus if the mother is infected during pregnancy?

Answer 19

a. toxoplasmosis
b. syphilis
c. rubella
d. All of the above

Question 20

the etiologic agent responsible for cervical cancer and a growing number of oropharyngeal cancers is

Answer 20

a. Epstein-barr virus
b. HIV
c. human papillomavirus
d. cytomegalovirus