Review - Vocabulary - All compositions Flashcards
Define tonal answer*
- provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.
- a statement of the subject in which one or more intervals is adjusted to accommodate the harmony
- Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.
Provide definition and give associated title and its genre and composer
cyclical structure
Cyclical structure is material heard in one movement will occur in later movements and this creates a structural unity in a multi-movement work.
Symphony No 5 in C Minor, op. 67, Symphony, Beethoven
What is the term for the following definition:
This term is Italian for “with the wood”. Berlioz used this new string effect in which the plays tap the strings with the wooden parts of their bows.
Provide associated title and its genre and composer.
col legno
Symphonie fantastique, program symphony, Berlioz.
Define subject
- provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.
- provide definition and give one example piece
- the initial statement of the main theme of a fugue; in the tonic key
- Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.
Give the term of the following definition and give the associated title and its genre and title.
What is a half-singing, half-talking way of singing in operas, oratorios, and cantatas that follows the sounds of the texts and tells the plot?
Recitative
Carmen, lyric opera, Bizet
Provide definition of menuet and trio?
Give associated title and its genre and composer.
Menuet and trio is a ternary form (ABA). Menuet is a elegant French dance in triple meter developed in the Baroque era. Trio is the middle section.
A Little Night Music, serenade for strings, Mozart
Define minimalism in music.
Give associated title and its genre and composer.
Minimalism in music is a musical style in the late 20th century and it is characterized by the repetition of melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic patterns with little variation.
Changes, solo piano, Louie
Short Ride in a Fast Machine, orchestral fanfare, Adams
Provide the definition and give the associated title and its genre and title.
Recitative
Recitative is a half-singing, half-talking way of singing in operas, oratorios, and cantatas that follows the sounds of the texts and tells the plot.
Carmen, lyric opera, Bizet
What is the Classical formal structure often used in sonata cycle in which section A returns with alternating sections creating contrast, ABACA or ABACABA?
Give example title, genre and composer
Rondo form.
Second movement of A Little Night Music by Mozart has the rondo form.
What is the word for the art of designing dance steps and movements in a ballet (or musical)?
Give associated title and its genre and composer.
Choreography
The Rite of Spring, ballet, Stravinsky
Give definition and name one example and composer of the term:
string quartet*
- String quartet is the most important chamber music genre of the Classical era. Instruments are first violin, second violin, viola, and cello
- Usually in four movements: fast-slow-moderately fast - fast
- Fist fmovement is generally in sonata form
Example: String Quartet C Major, op. 76, no. 3 (“Emperor Quartet”)
What is idee fixe?
Provide associated title and its genre and composer.
Berlioz came up with this term. it’s French for ‘fixed idea”. It’s a recurrent theme that links the multi-movements. In symphonie fantastique, it represents ‘the beloved’
Symphonie fantastique, program symphony, Berlioz.
What is the effect created mostly through rhythm? It has strong accents, syncopation, polyrhythms and an orchestra has a large percussion section.
Give associated title and its genre and composer.
Primitivism
The Rite of Spring, ballet, Stravinsky
What is the following?
Give one example. Name the title and its composer.
Italian for ‘air’. Solo song with accompaniment in opera, oratorio, and cantata. Emotional and often virtuosic. May have lyrical or dramatic qualities; often reveals the character’s feelings and emotions.
aria
“Rejoyce Greatly” from Messiah by Handel
Provide the definition and give the associated title and its genre and title.
opera
Opera is a drama that is sung and combines vocal and instrument music with drama, visual arts and often dance. It started in the Baroque era.
Carmen, lyric opera, Bizet
Provide definition of word painting
Describe one example.
Name the title and its composer.
-musical pictorialization so the music mirrors the literal meaning of the words. Achieved through melody, harmony, or rhythm.
“Glory to God in the highest” is sung in upper register in “Glory to God” chorus of Messiah by Handel
real answer*
- provide definition and one example piece, its genre and composer.
- an exact transposition of the subject
- Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.
What is the German word for keyboard instruments other than the organ?
Give sample title, the genre and the composer.
Clavier
Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach
Give definition of recitativo secco
Give one example title and its composer.
A half-singing, half-talking way of singing, supported only by continuo and used in opera, oratorio, and cantata.
Messiah by Handel
Provide definition of rounded binary form
Give example title, genre and composer
Rounded binary form is a two-part form in which “A” section material returns after “B” material but the returned material is often shortened.
A ll B + A1 ll
. A Little Night Music, serenade for strings, Mozart - Menuet from the third movement is a rounded binary
What is the musical style developed in the early 20th century in the US and combines elements of African, popular, and European music? It is based on improvisation.
Give title of associated piece and its genre and composer.
Jazz
West Side Story, musical theatre (or just musical), Bernstein
Define symphonic poem
Also provide associated title and its genre and composer.
Franz Liszt invented symphonic poem for an orchestral program music that has one movement, free in form and follow a story or a painting.
Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun
Provide the term for the definition below and give associated title and its genre and composer.
What is the song structure that dos not repeat entire sections of the music and the music changes to match the poem?
durchkomponiert (through-composed)
(Recognition is sufficient for durchkomponiert). You can provide the English term of through-composed.
Erlking, lied, Schubert
What forms combines elements of sonata form and rondo form? Typical lay out is ABACABA (ABA is the refrain as the exposition; C functions as the development; second ABA foundations as the recapitulations.
Give associated title and its genre and composer.
Provide definition of Sonata-rondo form.
Fourth movement of A Little Night Music by Mozart has the sonata-rondo form
Define Symbolism
Also provide associated title and its genre and composer.
Also provide associated title and its genre and composer.
It is a late 19th century French literary movement in which authors suggest the subject matter rather than depict (describe) specifically. One such author was Mallarme.
Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun
Provide the definition and give the associated title and its genre and title.
Aria
Aria is Italian for ‘air’. It is a solo song with accompaniment, heard in an opera, oratorio, or cantata. It is highly emotional, often virtuosic and reveals the character’s intimate emotions.
Carmen, lyric opera, Bizet
What is Dies irae? (audio has the pronunciation)
Provide associated title and its genre and composer.
It’s a monophonic chant and used in requiem (mass for the dead). The music is associated with funerals.
(audio has the dies irae from Symphonie fantastique)
Symphonie fantastique, program symphony, Berlioz.
Provide definition of counterpoint
Give sample title, the genre and the composer.
Counterpoint combines two or more melodies; it’s also called ‘polyphonic texture”
Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach
What is the following?
-all voices sing or play the same rhythm. Results in a blocked chordal texture (homophonic) to deliver the text with clarity and emphasis.
Describe one example. Name the title and its composer.
homorhythmic texture
“Hallelujah!” from “Hallelujah!” chorus of Messiah by Handel
What is the term for a late 19th
century French literary movement in which authors suggest the subject matter rather than depict (describe) specifically?
Also provide associated title and its genre and composer.
Symbolism
Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun
Give the term.
- from the Italian stringere, meaning “to tighten”. Overlapping subject entries in close succession
- provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.
stretto
- Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.
Provide definition of prelude.
Give sample title, the genre and the composer.
Prelude is a short keyboard work in improvisatory style and often paired with a fugue.
Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach
Provide definition of homorhythmic texture
Describe one example. Name the title and its composer.
-all voices sing or play the same rhythm. Results in a blocked chordal texture (homophonic) to deliver the text with clarity and emphasis.
“Hallelujah!” from “Hallelujah!” chorus of Messiah by Handel
What is the term for the second time the main theme appears in a fugue and it’s usually in dominant key?
Give sample title, the genre and the composer.
Answer.
Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach
What is the definition of ballet?
Give associated title and its genre and composer.
Ballet is a type of dance that tells a story. It was first developed in the 17th century and became extremely popular in the 19th century Russian court.
The Rite of Spring, ballet, Stravinsky
Give the term.
- a short keyboard work in improvisatory style; often paired with fugue
- provide the term and give one example piece, its genre and composer.
prelude*
- Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.
Define serenade.
Give associated title and its genre and composer.
Serenade is a multi-movement orchestral genre popular in the Classical era and it is often performed in aristocratic social settings and at outdoor events.
A Little Night Music, serenade for strings, Mozart
Provide definition of episode
Give sample title, the genre and the composer.
An episode is a passage within a fugue in which there’s no subject or answer and often repeated sequentially.
Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach
Give the term:
* a method of tuning keyboard instruments
* the octave is divided into twelve equal semitones
* helps the compositions and performance of music in all keys
- provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.
equal temperament
- Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.
Give definition of “recitative”
Give one example title and its composer.
half-singing, half-talking way of singing used in operas, oratorios, and cantatas. It follows the natural rise and fall of the texts so it has rhythmic flexibility and gives hints of the plot to the audience.
There were “shepherds” from Messiah by Handel
Provide the term and give one example composition and composer
Provide the term and give one example composition and its composer
- a work a melody (theme) followed by a series of transfomrations
theme and variations
Example: String Quartet C Major, op. 76, no. 3 (“Emperor Quartet”)
- a statement of the subject in which one or more intervals is adjusted to accommodate the harmony
- provide definition and one example piece, its genre and composer.
tonal answer*
- Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.
answer*
- provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.
- the second statement of the main theme in a fugue; usually in the dominant key
- Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.
What is the ternary form (ABA) in which the first section is an elegant French dance?
Give associated title and its genre and composer.
Menuet and trio
A Little Night Music, serenade for strings, Mozart
What is hemiola?
Give title of associated piece and its genre and composer.
It is a temporary shift of the metric accents. For example, notes in groups of three are temporarily in groups of two.
What is the term for the definition below and provide associated title and its genre and composer
What is a short or rhythmic fragment used to build a melody.
motive
Symphony No 5 in C Minor, op. 67, Symphony, Beethoven
- combination of two or more independent melodic lines; also referred to as “polyphonic texture”
- provide definition and one example piece, its genre and composer.
counterpoint *
- Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.
counterpoint *
- provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.
- combination of two or more independent melodic lines; also referred to as “polyphonic texture”
- Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.
Give the term of the following definition and give the associated title and its genre and title.
What is is a rhythmic or melodic pattern repeated for an extended period?
Ostinato
Carmen, lyric opera, Bizet (the habanera rhythm)
Spring, Violin concerto, Vivaldi (the dog barking in the third movement)
Provide definition for melisma.
Describe one example. Name the title and its composer.
-many notes to a syllable/vowel. Demonstrates vocal virtuosity and often highlights key words
“re-joice” from ‘Rejoice Greatly” (soprano aria) from Messiah by Handel
What is the term that suggests instead of depict (describe) images? Techniques used include vague metric pulse, new instruments, new ways of playing instrument and different scales such as whole-tone, modal and pentatonic scales
Also provide associated title and its genre and composer.
Impressionism in music
Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun
Provide definition of minimalism in music.
Give associated title, its genre and composer.
Minimalism in music is a style characterized by repetition of melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic patterns with little variations. It evolved in the late 20th century.
Changes, solo piano, Changes
Short Ride in a Fast Machine, orchestral fanfare, Adams
Give the term.
- a highly structured, imitative contrapuntal composition; a single theme or subject prevails
- provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.
fugue*
- Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.
What is the term for the definition below and provide associated title and its genre and composer
What is the type of structure in which material heard in one movement will occur in later movements and this creates a structural unity in a multi-movement work?
Cyclical structure
Symphony No 5 in C Minor, op. 67, Symphony, Beethoven
Define the definition and provide the associated title and its genre and composer.
rubato (tempo rubato)
Rubato stands for “robbed time” in Italian. It’s a rhythmic flexibility in which the perform can speed up or slow down to interpret music.
Polonaise in A flat Major, op. 53, solo piano, Chopin
Give definition and name one example and composer of the term:
chamber music*
- music for small ensembles (two to 10 players), one player per part and usually performed without a conductor.
Example: String Quartet C Major, op. 76, no. 3 (“Emperor Quartet”)
Give the term of the following definition and give the associated title and its genre and title.
What is is a Cuban dance-song with a rhythmic motive that is often used as an ostinato?
Habanera
Carmen, lyric opera, Bizet
Provide definition of aria
Give one example title and its composer.
Italian for ‘air’. Solo song with accompaniment in opera, oratorio, and cantata. Emotional and often virtuosic. May have lyrical or dramatic qualities; often reveals the character’s feelings and emotions.
“Rejoyce Greatly” from Messiah by Handel
Provide the definition and give associated title and its genre and composer.
Lied (plural Lieder)
Lied is the musical setting of a German poem for solo voice and piano accompaniment.
Erlking, lied, Schubert
What is the term for a temporary shift of the metric accents.
For example, notes in groups of three are temporarily in groups of two.
Give title of associated piece and its genre and composer.
Hemiola
What is col legno?
Provide associated title and its genre and composer.
This term is Italian for “with the wood”. Berlioz used this new string effect in which the player plays tap the strings with the wooden parts of their bows.
Symphonie fantastique, program symphony, Berlioz.
