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NUR363BUDER2017 > REVISION > Flashcards

REVISION Flashcards

1
Q

Qualitative knowledge:

a. Builds a picture of understanding
b. Analyses predictive factors
c. Provides an opportunity for generalisation and inference
d. Is reliant primarily on numbers

A

a. Builds a picture of understanding

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2
Q

In qualitative data collection, the aim is to:

a. Determine the true meaning of a phenomenon
b. Predict variables in similar samples of the population
c. Objectively recruit participants with an equal chance of selection
d. Identify themes comprised of similar significant statements

A

a. Determine the true meaning of a phenomenon

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3
Q

Evidence-based practice is the:

a. Conscious & intentful use of research and theory-based information to make decisions about patient care delivery
b. Conscious & intentful use of research and theory-based information to make decisions to advance our theoretical knowledge
c. Conscious use of heresay in making decisions about patient care delivery
d. Conscious use of traditional authority in making decisions about patient care delivery

A

a. Conscious & intentful use of research and theory-based information to make decisions about patient care delivery

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4
Q

What is accepted as the main means for understanding other’s experience of phenomena?

a. Numerical data
b. Language
c. Observation
d. Surveys

A

b. Language

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5
Q

Ethnography has its origins in:

a. Quantitative research
b. Feminist research
c. Historical research
d. Anthropology

A

d. Anthropology

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6
Q

The results section in a research paper:

a. Describe the process of implementing the research study
b. Describe the gap in knowledge to be addressed
c. Summarise the specific information gathered in the study
d. Describe the decisions or determinations made about the research problem

A

c. Summarise the specific information gathered in the study

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7
Q 
The most commonly occurring value or score in the data is called the:

a. mean
b. median
c. mode
d. alpha
A

c. mode

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8
Q

Evidence-based practice is a quality improvement process because:

a. You have critically analysed many research articles
b. You have learned how to skim when reading research articles
c. Trial and error is still important in nursing practice
d. Evidence-based practice is a key factor contributing to accountability and benchmarking

A

d. Evidence-based practice is a key factor contributing to accountability and benchmarking

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9
Q

The characteristics of a literature review include:

i. Evidence of a comprehensive search of the literature
ii. A review of mainly secondary sources of literature
iii. Summaries are succinct, with minimal direct quotes
iv. A logical flow using themes or categories

a. i, ii and iii
b. i, iii, and iv
c. ii, iii and iv
d. All of the above

A

b. i, iii, and iv

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10
Q

Descriptive statistics are used to:

a. summarise data for variables
b. provide an overview of the data
c. give indications for further data analysis
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

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11
Q

A longitudinal design:

a. Is cross-sectional
b. Collects data over time
c. Collects data over length
d. Collects data in maritime applications

A

b. Collects data over time

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12
Q

The qualitative researcher uses pseudonyms when quoting participants’ narratives in published studies, meeting the requirement for:

a. Respect for justice
b. Respect for privacy
c. beneficence
d. Respect for autonomy

A

b. Respect for privacy

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13
Q

The ethical principle that all participants have the right to be treated fairly and with respect and courtesy at every stage of the research process, is an example of the application of:

a. privacy
b. confidentiality
c. anonymity
d. justice

A

d. justice

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14
Q

Clinical governance means that quality monitoring and improvement are:

a. mainly undertaken by management consultants.
b. the responsibility of every health professional.
c. an optional activity.
d. the sole responsibility of health area managers

A

b. the responsibility of every health professional.

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15
Q

A researcher wants to find out whether tobacco and alcohol use have an effect on the length of hospital stay of orthopaedic surgical patients. The most appropriate type of design would be:

a. ethnographic
b. correlational
c. experimental
d. comparative descriptive

A

b. correlational

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16
Q 
The middle score of a range of scores is called the:

a. median
b. percentage
c. mode
d. mean
A

a. median

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17
Q

Ethnographic research approaches are committed to:

a. description of the essence of phenomena
b. creating historical accounts of events
c. developing middle range theories
d. exploration of social and cultural settings

A

d. exploration of social and cultural settings

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18
Q

Data are:

a. always numbers
b. numbers or words
c. the same as statistics
d. none of the above

A

b. numbers or words

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19
Q

The aim of the clinical audit is to:

a. Save money
b. Improve patient outcomes
c. Ensure patient care is based upon the best available evidence.
d. Obtain evidence for use in disciplinary proceedings.

A

b. Improve patient outcomes

20
Q

A normal curve shows:

a. p values
b. a distribution where few values are either low or high and most are in the middle
c. a distribution where all values tend to be the same or very similar
d. a skewed distribution

A

b. a distribution where few values are either low or high and most are in the middle

21
Q

In quantitative research, the purpose of sampling is to:

a. make predictions about a study;
b. generalize the findings to the population;
c. increase the efficiency of a research study;
d. recruit as many participants as possible.

A

b. generalize the findings to the population;

22
Q

Qualitative research is interested in questions that involve:

a. cause and effect relationships;
b. consciousness and subjectivity;
c. control and measurement;
d. generalization and prediction.

A

b. consciousness and subjectivity;

23
Q

In an article that reports a research study, a limitation is something that:

a. explains why findings cannot be generalized;
b. sets limits on accessing a sample;
c. restricts your access to findings;
d. causes uncertainty or imposes limits when interpreting findings.

A

d. causes uncertainty or imposes limits when interpreting findings.

24
Q

Adequate sample size for an interventional study is based on:

a. effect size of the intervention;
b. size and standard deviation of outcome measurement;
c. desired power and significance of the study;
d. all of the above.

A

c. desired power and significance of the study;

25
Q

The goal of sampling in quantitative research that seeks to obtain generalisable findings is to obtain:

a. a representative sample;
b. a sample of participants that can describe their experience;
c. a representative sample of a size that is determined using a power analysis before commencing the study;
d. a representative sample, the size of which is determined as data collection is in progress.

A

c. a representative sample of a size that is determined using a power analysis before commencing the study;

26
Q

Explain how researchers ensure validity in quantitative research.

A

Efficient/appropriate sampling and data collection

27
Q

Describe FOUR (4) ways in which researchers might ensure trustworthiness/rigor of qualitative research.

A

Audit trails
Member checks
Triangulation
Immersion in research

28
Q

Describe the process and purpose of triangulation

A

use of several methods of data collection to ensure trustworthiness of results eg In-depth interviews + focus groups + diaries

29
Q

Describe FOUR (4) qualitative data collection methods.

A

In-depth interviews:
Focus groups
Secondary data/document review: diaries, written accounts of past events, photographs
Observations

30
Q

Describe THREE (3) major quantitative data collection methods.

A

Experiments/clinical trials
Observations
Surveys/questionnaires

31
Q

Define evidence-based nursing practice.

A

When nurses make clinical decisions using the best available research evidence, their clinical expertise and patient preferences in the context of existing resources

32
Q

The abstract of a research report usually includes what MAJOR sections?

A

Introduction: Background including literature review. Research question/aims/hypotheses

Methods: design, sampling, data collection and analysis

Results: statistical analysis/qualitative analysis

Discussion: What the results mean- in context of previous studies, limitations, implications for practice

33
Q

Define reliability:

A

a measure can be relied upon consistently to give the same result if the aspect being measured has not changed

34
Q

Define validity:

A

how accurately the measure yields information about the true or real variable being measured.

35
Q

State the four major ethical considerations for a researcher when conducting a study

A 
Ethics committee approval
Informed consent
Balance of risks and benefits
Protect rights of participants
36
Q

Systematic review

A

Summary of findings of similar studies, having similar hypotheses/research questions & methods

37
Q

Meta-analysis

A

Uses a statistical process to synthesise relevant findings to draw a conclusion (quantitative studies only). Is used when reviewing studies testing interventions

38
Q

Meta-synthesis

A

Involves analysis of several qualitative studies and provides summary of findings

39
Q

Name TWO major resources for nurses to access these in the clinical area

A

Joanna Briggs Institute

Cochrane Library

40
Q

What is the p value? What does this mean/tell you when reading a research article?

A

the probability of obtaining the value of the test statistic if in fact there is no relationship between dependent and independent variables

41
Q

What is the level of significance (alpha value)?

A

probability that our statistical test will reject a true null hypothesis - ie will conclude that there is a relationship between dependent and independent variables when in fact there is no relationship

42
Q

What is the standard deviation?

A

A measure of average deviation or distance of each score from the group mean in a normal distribution

43
Q

What is the difference between statistical and clinical significance?

A

Statistically significant test means that we can reject HO with only a 5% (or less) chance of being wrong

Clinical significance depends on the effect size ie: the strength of relationship between dependent & independent variables. For a finding to be clinically significant, it should be statistically significant & have an appropriate effect size

44
Q

What does PICO (T) stand for?

A 
P: population
I: intervention
C: comparison
O: outcome
T: time
45
Q

Why do we use PICO (T)?

A

Use to formulate answerable clinical question and help direct search for evidence

46
Q

What do the acronyms stand for?

CRAAP

A 
Currency
Relevance
Authority
Accuracy
Purpose
47
Q

What do the acronyms stand for?

CASP

A

Critical Appraisal Skills Programme

NUR363BUDER2017 (3 decks)

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