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Science Year 8S1 > Revision Health And Lifestyle > Flashcards

Revision Health And Lifestyle Flashcards

1
Q

What is a nutrient.

A

A nutrient is an important substance needed to kepp your body healthy and alive

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2
Q

What are the 7 nutrients.

A

Carbohydrate, lipid, protein, vitamin, mineral, water and dietary fibrr

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3
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

To remain healthy you must eat a balanced diet which is food containing the right nutrients in the right amounts

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4
Q

What is a carbohydrate.

A

Needed for energy 1) simple - sugar/fruit with quick source and 2) complex carbs (starch) - bread, pasta with slow release

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5
Q

What are lipids and what 3 functions do they perform?

A

Fats, Oils - 1. Energy. 2. Insulation. 3. Protect organs

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6
Q

What are two functions of proteins?

A

Organs, Muscles, immune system. 1. Repair muscles 2: Create new cells

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7
Q

Why does body need vitamins and minerals.

A

Fresh fruit and veg in small quantities to 1. Grow 2. develop 3. Function normally

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8
Q
  1. Why is vit d/calcium needed. 2. Iron. 3. Vitamin A?
A
  1. Bones and teeth. 2. Red blood cells. 3. Eyes
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9
Q

Why do you need water and how does your body lose water?

A

Cells make up 70% water. Exhale, urine, faeces, sweat, crying. 1 litre a day

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10
Q

What is dietary fibre?

A

Not a nutrient as body cant break it down but it bulks food to keep it moving through your body through to excretion. Found in brown starchy foods.

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11
Q

If a patient has constipation what 3 things woukd a doctor advise.

A

Water, dietary fibre and fruit/veg

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12
Q

How do you test food for nutrients?

A

Chemical tests - crush food using pestle and mortar and add distilled water. Then add appropriate chemical solution

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13
Q

How do you test for 1. Starch. 2. Lipids. 3. Sugar. 4. Protein

A
  1. Starch - iodine from yellow to dark blue black
  2. Lipids - solid - rub on filter paper to see if it goes translucent or liquid - add ethanol to go cloudy
  3. Sugar - benedicts solution heat and turns from blue to orange red
  4. Protein - copper sulphate is blue and sodium hydroxide is clear. It will turn purple.
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14
Q

How will you test a food solution of steak?

A

Steak is a protein so use copper sulphate and sodium hydroxide to see if it turns purple.

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15
Q

What does malnourished mean?

A

Underweight or overweight. Not a balanced diet.

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16
Q

What is the unit of energy in food?

A

Joules or kilojoules

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17
Q

Three problems being under weight

A
  1. Poor immune system
  2. Lack of energy
  3. Lack of vits and minerals
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18
Q

State 4 diseases obese people will have?

A
  1. Heart disease
  2. Stroke
  3. Diabetes
  4. Cancer
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19
Q

What is a deficiency in vits or minerals?

A

Not enough of essential nutrients required for your body to stay healthy. Rickets is an example of of vit d.

20
Q

What is a digestive system?

A

Its a group of organs that work together to break down food.

21
Q

State what happens during digestion?

A

Stomach, the big molecules get digested, become small molecules to go into our blood.

22
Q

Name the 6 structure in the digestive system

A

Mouth
Gullet
Stomach - digestive juices and acid. Liver and pancreas also provide digestive juices
Large intestine
Small intestine
Rectum
Anus

23
Q

Describe the adaptations of the small intrstine to its function?

A

Villi are in the small intestine, they increase the surface of the intestineto enable a quick absorption of nutrients into tge blood.

24
Q

Why is it important to eat a fibre rich diet?

A

Fibre add bulk to the food helping the food pass through your digestive system to get rid of the waste products

25
Q

State why bacteria is important for your digestive system?

A

It breaks down food
They make imprtant vitamins eg vitamin k

26
Q

What is role of enzymes in your digestive system?

A

They are special proteins which break down large molecules into small molecules

27
Q

What is an example ofa biological catalyst?

A

Enzymes speed up digestion without being used up

28
Q

Name 3 enzymes

A
  1. Carbohydrase carbohydrate / sugar (mouth, stomach , large )
  2. Protease protein into amino axids 22 (stomach, small)
  3. Lipase fatty acids and glycerol (small)
29
Q

What is bile?

A

Substance made in liver to break up lipids

30
Q

Why should you eat yoghurt?

A

Bacteria in your stomach to help break down food.

31
Q

What is a drug.?

A

Chemical substance that alter the chemical reaction in your body.

32
Q

Two types of drug

A
  1. Medicinal
  2. Recreational
33
Q

Whatis a medicinal drug

A

Used in benefits - health reasons, cure a condition.

34
Q

What are recreational drugs

A

Not prescribed by doctors, used for enjoyment wtc. Very harmful. They are illegal.
Illegal - cannabis, heroin, cocaine, ecstasy
Legal - alcohol, tobacco, vaping

35
Q

What is addiction?

A

Body gets used to the changes brought by the drug. Withdrawl symptoms stop taking the drug.

36
Q

What is alcohol?

A

It is a depressemt. Alcohol contains ethanol.
Ethanol into the blood stream, affects your nervous.

37
Q

What is a deprssent?

A

Its a chemical which slows down your body reaction.

38
Q

What is the recommended amount of alcohol?

A

14 units np

39
Q

Name 3 condition if drinking for a long time?

A

Liver becomes scarred
Cirrhosis
Addiction
Death

40
Q

Why should pregnant women not drink alcohol?

A

Bsbys bloodstream
Affect baby brain (foetal alcohol syndrome]
Lesrning difficulries
Poor immune system
Reduce fertilty
Low birth weight
Still birth premature baby
Miscarriage

41
Q

What do smokers suffer from?

A

Cancer
Heart disease
Strokes
Breathing problem

42
Q

What is passive smoking?

A

When you breathe in someone else smoke.

43
Q

What is a stimulant?

A

Tobacco smoke , makes your heart beat faster and narrows blood vessels

44
Q

What is in cigarette?

A
  1. Tar - black sticky substance , blocks airways
  2. Nicotine - stimulant impacts nervous system
  3. Carbon monoxide - gas impacting blood
45
Q

How does smoking impact your health?

A
  1. Heart disease - blocked up arteries, heart attack or stroke
  2. Emphysema - alveoli in your lungs / reduced oxygen
  3. Respiratory - mucus / cilia stops working

Science Year 8S1 (9 decks)

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