rights and freedoms

Question 1

declaration of human rights

Answer 1

• an ideology which was inspirational and optimistic, not a law/treaty as it wasn’t legally binding
• passed by the UN in 1948

Question 2

what does the declaration mean

Answer 2

was the centre for moral struggle for global rights

Question 3

what rights does the declaration protect

Answer 3

individual, civil, religious and political, social, economic, cultural rights

Question 4

policy of protection

Answer 4

to separate Indigenous people from mainstream white society and regulating them by government-appointed authorities
- idea that they could not protect themselves
- sometimes made to do cheap labour, exploited

Question 5

aboriginal people in the constitution

Answer 5

excluded from the commonwealth and census
- at the time: denied citizenship rights, didn’t want a mixed descent population

Question 6

restricted rights and freedoms - part 1

Answer 6

• ate unhealthy rations, no healthcare due to segregation and denied treatment
• education: only up to yr 3, segregation in school, males sent to farms and females sent to domestic services
• work: often unpaid, or paid really little, only basic food and clothing provided in the pastoral industry

Question 7

restricted rights and freedoms - part 2

Answer 7

• control over money: held in trusts which didn’t exist, not allowed property
• no wife unless government says ok :(
• children with any indication of ‘white blood’ were taken and raised as ‘white’, idea of absorption into white society

Question 8

restricted rights and freedoms - part 3

Answer 8

• freedom of movement: special permission to move outside australia, and not much freedom in australia either
• access to justice: same laws, but stricter, easily arrested/treated badly in court and juries, harsh punishments for minimal crime

Question 9

purpose of the Day of Mourning

Answer 9

Aboriginal communities addressing discrimination, protesting against government laws
- demanded equal opportunities
- citizenship rights
- return of stolen land
- abolition of Aboriginal Protection Board
- end of the stolen generation

Question 10

policy of assimilation

Answer 10

an attempt to absorb aboriginal people into mainstream australian white culture

Question 11

when did assimilation begin

Answer 11

1950s: ‘mixed blood’ aborigines expected to live like white australians

Question 12

why was assimilation hard

Answer 12

white australians were discriminatory, racism was encountered everywhere, often denied access to housing and health insurance

Question 13

when did assimilation change

Answer 13

1965, where they were not expected to abandon their tradition + culture, but to live like others instead
- assimilation –> integration

Question 14

whitlam government + integration

Answer 14

1972: changed integration into self-detemination, aboriginal people had full control over their lived, became citizens

Question 15

what were the stolen generations

Answer 15

in the 1970s, children were stolen from aboriginal families, and these children were known as the stolen generation

Question 16

stolen generations: the children

Answer 16

full-blooded aboriginal children: institutions for un-skilled + laborous work
others were often rejected by both aboriginal and mainstream australian society

Question 17

what were the freedom riders

Answer 17

• university students promoting anti-racism
• brought the attention of injustice towards aboriginal people
• start of the activism to improve the aboriginal situation

Question 18

aim of freedom rides

Answer 18

to escalate public awareness of the position of aboriginal community
- express how badly aboriginal people lived

Question 19

impacts of freedom rides

Answer 19

• empathy for the aboriginal people and their treatment
• possibly led to the success of the 1967 referendum
• introducing change

Question 20

did aboriginal people have the right to vote before the 1967 referendum

Answer 20

yessssss
- got the vote in 1962, though not compulsory

Question 21

what was the 1967 referendum hoping to achieve

Answer 21

• a response to activism for aboriginal people
• includes aboriginal people in the census
• gives the Commonwealth government the power to make laws on behalf of aboriginal people and pass laws regarding aboriginal issues
• in case of disagreement, the commonwealth overruled the states

Question 22

1960s

Answer 22

increasing calls for aboriginal and torres strait islander peoples to have same rights, resulting in referendum

Question 23

office of aboriginal affairs

Answer 23

an office to identify urgent needs of aboriginal communities