Risk

Question 0

Relative risk

Answer 0

An estimate of the magnitude of an association between exposure and disease - the risk (or rate) of developing the disease in an exposed group relative to those who are non-exposed; measure the strength of association; the higher the RR the stronger the association

Question 1

Risk (rate) difference (RD)

Answer 1

Risk or rate of disease among exposed person that can be attributed to the exposure

Question 2

Risk ratio

Answer 2

The cumulative incidence (risk) of disease among those exposed divided by the cumulative incidence (risk) of disease among those unexposed

Question 3

Rate ratio

Answer 3

Ratio of two incidence rates for 2 groups or populations (the exposed and the unexposed)

Question 4

Odds ratio

Answer 4

Measure is commonly associated in a case-control study. Ratio of the odds of exposure among those with the disease (cases) to that among those without the disease (controls)

Question 5

Protective factor

Answer 5

Values less than 1 means there is a negative association between the exposure and the outcome

Question 6

Attributable risk (AR and AR%)

Answer 6

Proportion of disease among the exposed that is due to the exposure- the proportion of disease among the exposed that could be prevented if eliminating the exposure. Measure the potential benefit to he expected among exposed individuals if they could eliminate their exposure

Question 7

Number needed to treat (NNT)

Answer 7

The number of individuals that would need to be treated (or exposed to a protective factor) to prevent a single event can be estimated by taking the reciprocal of the absolute risk reduction

Question 8

Population attributable risk

Answer 8

Amount or proportion of disease in the population that can be attributed to the exposure (can be assessed using either cumulative incidence or incidence rates). Computed as difference between rate (or risk) in the entire population and the rate (risk) among the unexposed