river

Question 1

erosion

Answer 1

the wearing away of the land by a river

Question 2

deposition

Answer 2

the dumping of material carried by the river

Question 3

the source

Answer 3

where the river begins, high up in the mountains

Question 4

the mouth

Answer 4

where the river ends as it meets the sea or lake

Question 5

confluence

Answer 5

where two or more tributaries meet together

Question 6

channel

Answer 6

the main body of the river in which the water flows

Question 7

tributaries

Answer 7

small streams that feed into the main river

Question 8

watershed

Answer 8

the area of high land surrounding the river drainage basin

Question 9

upper course

Answer 9

rapids and large boulders
waterfalls
narrow v shaped valley
vertical erosion
fast flowing
tributaries

Question 10

middle course

Answer 10

wide floodplains
oxbow lakes
raised banks caused by flooding are called levees
wider
starts to meander
deposition
lateral erosion

Question 11

lower course

Answer 11

very wide flat valley
large meanders
river at its slowest
industry and ports found here

Question 12

hydraulic action

Answer 12

the sheer force of the water hitting the banks and river bed

Question 13

corrasion/ abrasion

Answer 13

the bed and banks are worn down by the load.

Question 14

attrition

Answer 14

the load carried bump into each other and are smoothed and broken down into smaller particles

Question 15

solution / corrosion

Answer 15

chemical action : the acids in the water slowly dissolve the bed and banks (limestone)

Question 16

gradient

Answer 16

steep gradient = river water pulled down by gravity eroding the channel

Question 17

V shaped valley formation

Answer 17

river erodes downwards
weathering loosens soil and rock
creeps down the slope

Question 18

waterfall formation

Answer 18

1.when a river flows over horizontal bands of hard and soft rock.
2.a plunge pool is created at base
soft rock starts to erode leaving overhanging platform of hard rock
3.hard rock becomes weak and collapses
4.rocks in plunge pool wear it away so it becomes deeper
5. over time waterfall retreats creating a gorge

Question 19

bedload

Answer 19

the material that is carried by a river as it moves

Question 20

how has the bedload entered the river

Answer 20

weathering

Question 21

why does the load get smaller downstream

Answer 21

attrition

Question 22

carrying load

Answer 22

The maximum volume of load that a river can Carry at a specific Point in its course is called the rivers capacity
The biggest sized particle,that a river
can carry at a specific point is called the rivers competence.

Question 23

Traction

Answer 23

large boulders rolled along the bed

Question 24

saltation

Answer 24

smaller rocks are bounced

Question 25

suspension

Answer 25

the water carries smaller particles

Question 26

solution

Answer 26

material is dissolved

Question 27

ox bow lake

Answer 27

1. The meander is formed naturally but gets bigger. The fastest flow is on the outside of the meander because of the erosion of the river bank caused by abrasion and hydraulic action.
2. the outside of the bend gets eroded quickly
3. The neck of the meander gradually becomes more eroded away
4. separated by a small piece of land
5. it gets eroded and isolated from the river