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Roadcraft 2023 > Roadcraft Exam > Flashcards

Roadcraft Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What do you do when traffic lights are out and you want to join a major road?

A

Peep and creep/move steadily and slowly out of the junction And give way to traffic on the major road

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2
Q

What is a hazard?

A

Anything that is an actual our potential danger

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3
Q

When can you overtake vehicles on the left?

A
  • dedicated motorway lanes
  • When there is slow or queueing traffic on the outside
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4
Q

What do the three lines, two lines, and one line markers mean on a motorway?

A

300 yd, 200 yd, 100 yd

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5
Q

When is a car most stable?

A
  • When the weight is evenly distributed
  • when going straight ahead
  • went under a slight pull forward
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6
Q

What are the stages of system of car control?

A

IPSGA

INFORMATION
POSITIONING
SPEED
GEARS
ACCELERATION

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7
Q

How many GDE Factors are there and what are they?

A

4 Factors:

  • Human Factors
  • The journey
  • The traffic
  • The vehicle
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8
Q

What is the rule for stopping round a corner?

A

We must be able to stop in the distance, we can see to be clear on our side of the road

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9
Q

What should you never sacrifice for a better position?

A

Safety

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10
Q

How far does a car travel every second at 70mph?

A

31 meters per second

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11
Q

System of car control can be described as what?

A
  • Negotiating hazards as safely as possible
  • Methodical, safe and planned
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12
Q

What is red mist and how can it be prevented?

A

Red mist is where we become either upset or angry and this affects us.

We can negate this by concentrating on the drive at hand and not getting sucked in.

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13
Q

Give three situations where break gear overlap is appropriate?

A
  • Low-speed turns into junctions with vehicles close behind
  • Sharp, right or left, turns with a vehicle close behind
  • Going downhill
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14
Q

What should we do with our gears in slippery and icy conditions?

A

Select a high gear to reduce wheelspin

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15
Q

How can we best keep the car stable whilst cornering?

A

Ensure appropriate gear is selected before the corner and maintain constant pressure on the gas pedal

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16
Q

How much contact size should the tyre have on the road at all times?

A

The size of a palm of a hand

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17
Q

You are approaching a post with two warning signs on which hazard will you reach first?

A

If there are to the top, sign means the closest hazard

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18
Q

What is the pneumonic for the causes of skids and what are they?

A

BASS

Harsh braking
Harsh acceleration
Too much speed
Course steering

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19
Q

When exiting on the motorway at which point should you indicate?

A

300 yd marker

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20
Q

When is the only time hazard lights can be used when moving?

A

When on a motorway or multi lane carriageway

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21
Q

What is the gap to the car in front in normal circumstances? What happens to this in the wet?

A

2 seconds but double it to 4 seconds in the wet

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22
Q

When should we give indicate signals?

A

To benefit other road users and give information

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23
Q

What is the main cause of a skid?

A

Too much speed for the circumstances

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24
Q

Can brake gear overlap be used?

A

Yes, when it is part of a planned approach

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25
Q

If bright lights come towards you on a night, what should you do to combat this?

A

Look to the nearside edge of the road.

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26
Q

What happens to the grip level when braking or harshly accelerating on a corner?

A

It reduces grip for steering

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27
Q

Before overtaking, are slow vehicles or fast moving vehicles the biggest Hazard?

A

Both

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28
Q

What is the main principle of braking?

A

We must be able to stop in the distance, we can see to be clear

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29
Q

What is the pneumonic TUG?

A

Take info
Use info
Give info

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30
Q

What are the three types of hazards?

A

Road users

Physical hazards

Weather

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31
Q

What is a microclimate?

A

An unexpected, isolated hazard such as residual, ice or water.

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32
Q

What does the pneumonic OAP stand for?

A

Observe
Anticipate
Plan

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33
Q

What is acceleration sense?

A

Applying or letting off the gas to match speeds, gaps and to reduce braking when anticipating hazards

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34
Q

What is ESP?

A

Electronic Stability Programme - Assists TSC and ABS and detects when the vehicle is being driven beyond its limits. It uses a sensor at each wheel, a yaw sensor to monitor pitch and rotation and a steering sensor to detect when it’s not following a path and kicks in to help correct this.

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35
Q

What is key when ESP kicks in?

A

To steer in the path/direction you want to go.

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36
Q

What is TCS?

A

Traction Control System - its assists with keeping the car from spinning its wheels too much under harsh acceleration.

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37
Q

What is ABS?

A

Anti-Lock Braking System - This system detects when the brakes are about to lock up and then let’s the brakes on and off in a fast motion. This will allow for some steering input.

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38
Q

Who is the main responsibility for skids?

A

The driver

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39
Q

What is the definition of a skid?

A

One one or more wheels lose grip

40
Q

What are the four types of skid?

A

Oversteer
Understeer
Aquaplane
All wheel skid

41
Q

What is the stopping distance at 30 miles an hour?

A

23m (9m thinking and 14m stopping)

42
Q

What is the limit point?

A

The furthest distance we have an uninterrupted view of the road surface. It is a way of judging the correct speed to use for a corner.

43
Q

How do you measure the limit point on a left hand bend?

A

Nearside curb edge to centre line.

44
Q

A closer limit point means?

A

We have less time to stop and need to reduce speed

45
Q

During a corner, the limit point is getting further away. What does this mean?

A

That the corner is opening up.

46
Q

What are the two types of camber?

A
  • Super-elevation
  • Crown camber
47
Q

What affect does camber have on left and right turns?

A

Left turn:
It increases the effect of your steering as the road slopes in the direction of the turn.

Right turn:
It decreases the effect of your steering as the road slopes away from the direction of the turn.

48
Q

Where does the weight need to be on the car for optimal cornering?

A

Inside

49
Q

What are the two types of overtake?

A
  • Single stage (Aka Slingshot)
  • Three stage
50
Q

What is a single stage/slingshot overtake?

A

Where we approach a vehicle in front, we have a clear view of the road in front and carry our speed through to overtake.

51
Q

What are the three stages to the three stage overtake?

A
  1. Catch - Gather information of the road, move from the follow position to the overtake position.
  2. Match - Match the speed, move offside to have a look and scan, indicate out ensuring gears are set prior.
  3. Dispatch - Smoothly, safely and effectively dispatch the overtake.
52
Q

What is the rule with radios when driving?

A

They are classed as mobile phones and are therefore not to be used. Car set must be used instead.

53
Q

What vehicles can respond?

A
  • Unmarked with lights and sirens
  • Marked with lights and sirens
  • PSU carriers with lights and sirens
54
Q

When are officers deemed to be in an emergency response?

A
  • When using emergency equipment to facilitate progress.
55
Q

Before responding what must officers be?

A
  • Trained to use emergency equipment
  • Trained in using exemptions
  • Be able to justify their use
56
Q

Do you need lights and sirens in order to respond?

A

No.

57
Q

Why is emergency equipment on vehicles used?

A
  • Provide advanced warning to other road users
  • To assist with progress through traffic
  • To protect officers at scenes of incidents
  • To help stop motorists by identifying ourselves as a police vehicle.
58
Q

What are the three exemptions afforded when responding?

A
  • Observing speed limits
  • Observing keep left and keep right signs
  • Complying with traffic lights (including pedestrian ones)
59
Q

What is the risk assessment used for responding and what does it stand for?

A

RESPONSE

Responding, is it necessary?
Exemptions, proportional to use ?
Sirens & lights, have I got them?
Police vehicle, is it suitable to respond?
Other units, anyone closer?
Navigation, what route, time of day
Stress, red mist, peers etc
Environment, road layout, traffic, weather etc

60
Q

What is an appropriate speed?

A

There is no definition in law for the maximum speed but there is no exemption for exceeding the speed limit in inappropriate conditions

61
Q

What must be done when approaching a red light?

A

Treat it as a give way and prepare to stop.

62
Q

When can we proceed through a red light?

A
  • When it is clear
  • No other road user is endangered
  • No other driver is forced to change speed or avoid a collision
63
Q

How should we proceed through a red light?

A

Slowly, crawling, peep/creep

64
Q

What options do you have for traffic lights?

A
  • Hold back and wait
  • Go through traffic
  • Go around the traffic
65
Q

What are the three types of pedestrians crossing and who has right of way?

A
  • Pelican
  • Puffin
  • Toucan
  • Pedestrians still have right of way
66
Q

Approaching a pedestrian crossing when responding what must we do?

A
  • Prepare to stop
  • Prepare to hold back
  • Prepare to switch off lights/sirens
67
Q

When approaching temporary traffic lights where traffic is bottle necked what must we be prepared to do?

A

Stop, switch off lights/sirens and move through before continuing.

68
Q

We approach a red traffic light at a train crossing, what are we doing?

A
  • Stopping
  • Sit on the offside with lights on but no sirens and continue when clear.
69
Q

What should we do with our positioning when responding?

A
  • Try to position ourselves from the threat to allow for time and space
70
Q

Whilst overtaking and responding what must we be aware of in terms of the space we are leaving from prior to overtaking?

A

Protect the space and adopt overtake principles to ensure we can return there if needed.

71
Q

How many signals should we look for from other vehicles to indicate they have seen us?

A

Two or more

72
Q

When is it appropriate and practicable to ‘part the waves’ when responding?

A

When on multi-lane carriageways or motorways and the traffic is queuing or crawling

73
Q

When responding on multi-lane carriageways in free flowing traffic, what is the best way to progress?

A

Using the outer lane

74
Q

What type of system is a roundabout?

A

One way system with no exemptions

75
Q

If you sight a horse or other large animal whilst responding what should we do?

A

Deactivate all emergency equipment, reduce speed and wait to pass safely and slowly giving as much space as possible.

76
Q

What is police driving competence?

A

Having the knowledge, skills and behaviours for police driving.

77
Q

What is situational awareness?

A

Gathering, interpreting and using information to make assessment of what is going on around you to make intelligent decisions and stay safe and in control.

78
Q

What are the three most common causes of collisions?

A
  • Driver error/reaction
  • Actions based on poor judgment
  • Carelessness/Recklessness
79
Q

How do we combat stress whilst driving?

A
  • Ensure a comfortable seating and steering position
  • Use trained techniques to practice and master
  • Remain calm and professional
  • Use techniques to focus on driving such as commentating
  • FIDO/“Let it go”
80
Q

How much more likely are you to crash when responding to an emergency?

A

Three times more likely

81
Q

What does peripheral vision assist with?

A
  • Gives a sense of both speed and position
  • Registers movements of other road users
  • Acts as a cue for central vision to look at warning areas
82
Q

How can we combat tiredness?

A
  • Adjust seat/steering so it is comfortable
  • Ensure ventilation
  • Regular breaks
  • Caffeinated drinks
  • Planned breaks on long journeys
  • Exercise
83
Q

What facilities do you have to alert other drivers?

A
  • Horn/Sirens
  • Lights
  • Hand signals
  • Hazards
84
Q

What are the 4 key principles of safe cornering?

A
  • Correct position
  • Correct speed
  • Correct gear
  • Stop in the distance we can see to be clear on our side of the road
85
Q

What effect on braking does doubling your speed have?

A

Quadruples the braking distance

86
Q

What happens to tyre grip on the front and rear tyres on both acceleration and deceleration?

A

Acceleration:
- front tyres lose grip
- rear tyres gain grip

Deceleration:
- front tyres gain grip
- rear tyres lose grip

87
Q

What should you do when driving on a single track road in terms of braking?

A

Allow double the stopping distance to allow oncoming vehicles to brake too.

88
Q

What is a way of measuring the limit point for a right turn?

A

Right hand curb edge to left hand edge.

89
Q

What is a double apex bend?

A

A bend/corner with a tightening curve which are deliberately engineered.

90
Q

What are common roadside hazards?

A

Pedestrians
Parked vehicles
Cyclists
Horses
Runners
Concealed junctions
Surface water

91
Q

Under road craft following positions, how many advantages are there to keeping a safe distance to the car in front?

A

Five

92
Q

Why is information important for planning?

A

It gives a rigid approach to changes in road circumstances.

93
Q

What does road craft say about inappropriate speed whilst responding?

A

Results in a negative public perception.

94
Q

Under heading DECIDE WHAT TO DO, what does roadcraft NOT say?

A

It doesn’t specify which hazards pose no danger.

95
Q

What makes up reaction time?

A

Decision time + response time

96
Q

What are the three forces that cause skids?

A

Acceleration, braking and cornering.

Roadcraft 2023 (1 decks)

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