Role of chromosomes and hormaones

Question 1

What is a chromosome

Answer 1

Made from DNA

Question 2

How many pairs of chromosomes are there and what pair is gender

Answer 2

23, pair 23

Question 3

What does the Y chromosome contain

Answer 3

Sex determining region which causes testes to develop in XY foetuses.

Question 4

what do hormones do in gender development

Answer 4

They trigger gender development causing growth of reproductive organs
At puberty they produce a second burst which causes development of secondary sexual characteristics

Question 5

Male hormones

Answer 5

Androgens produced from around 8 weeks and controls teh development of male sex organs and linked to aggression.

Question 6

Aggression research support

Answer 6

Van de Poll et al- female rats injected with testosterone became more physically and sexually aggressive.

Question 7

What are the two female hormones for gender

Answer 7

Oestrogen, Oxytocin

Question 8

Oestrogen

Answer 8

Controls female sexual characteristics and menstruation
Linked to emotionality and irritability around menstration (PMT)

Question 9

Oxytocin

Answer 9

‘love hormone’ triggers bonding between mother and child after birth.
Stimulates lactation and reduces cortisol (stress)
Lower levels in men- may lead to less interest in intimate relationships.

Question 10

Evidence for the role of chromosomes in gender

Answer 10

David Reimer

Question 11

David Reimer outline

Answer 11

Born a boy, socialised as a girl and ultimately biology and nature was stronger.

Question 12

How does david reimer support the fact it was chromosomal and not hormonal

Answer 12

He was castrated

Question 13

Evaluation of David Reimer case study

Answer 13

presence of a twin brother could have caused identification
Case study- limited sample

Question 14

Evidence for the hormonal influence on gender

Answer 14

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Question 15

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplastia

Answer 15

High testosterone in XX infants causing anbiouous genitalia.

Question 16

Research support for CAH

Answer 16

Berenbaum and bailey reported that girls with CAH were often described as tomboys, aggressive and played with male toys.

Question 17

CAH evaluation

Answer 17

Unclear cause and effect- they could have looked masculine so been treated that way. biosocial model. Constructivism.

Question 18

Ethical implications of the research

Answer 18

Cost vs benefit needs to be considered and implications of results

Question 19

Evidence against the role of hormones

Answer 19

Tricker et al

Question 20

Tricker et al

Answer 20

43 males given weekly injections of testosterone or placebo. No significant differences in aggression found between the two groups.