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Community Practice Rotation > Rounds Notes > Flashcards

Rounds Notes Flashcards

1
Q

How long do you wait to make sure that FeLV is not incubating?

A

2 weeks

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2
Q

What are the 3 outcomes of having a positive antigen on FeLV testing?

A
  1. positive: persistent
  2. negative: infection has cleared
  3. false negative: latent (check bone marrow)
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3
Q

When should you retest for FeLV?

A

6 weeks

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4
Q

How do kittens become infected with FeLV?

A

Positive mom infects kittens by grooming them

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5
Q

How long do most PI FeLV kittens live?

A

3 years

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6
Q

Why do we wait until 6 months to test for FeLV?

A

Same testing kit as FIV (we shouldn’t have to wait since FeLV is ag associated rather than ab and will not interfere with mom)

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7
Q

What is the prevalence of FeLV?

A

3-5%

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8
Q

How is FIV transmitted?

A

BITING

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9
Q

Why can we not test for FIV in kittens under 6 months?

A

It could be self-infected antibodies or mom’s antibodies

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10
Q

How can you confirm FIV infection?

A

PCR

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11
Q

Which clads do the FIV vaccine cover? Which clad is most common?

A
  • vaccine covers clad A and D

- most common is B

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12
Q

What is kennel cough? (4 etiologies)

A
  1. Bordetella bronchiseptica
  2. Parainfluenza
  3. Canine Adenovirus-2
  4. Influenza virus
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13
Q

Which vaccines have oral administration and which have intranasal administration

A

IN:BPiA2
Oral: Bordetella

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14
Q

Which vaccines are included in a 2 dose series?

A
  1. SC killed Bordetella

2. SC killed influenza (H3N8 and H3N2)

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15
Q

Where is Lyme disease prevalent?

A

Colorado to Montana

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16
Q

What antibiotics can we give for leptospirosis? What do we usually see with lepto?

A
  • unasyn and enrofloxacin

- vomiting

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17
Q

What is your #1 diagnostic test for heartworm?

A

CHEST RADS

-pulmonary (PTE; eosinophilic pneumonitis) and cardiac

18
Q

What do we see on CBC in heartworm?

A
  • eosinophilia, inflammation

- platelets –> IMHA

19
Q

What would we see on UA in a heartworm patient?

A
20
Q

How do we treat heart worm?

A

Doxycycline for 30 days
Pred for 2 weeks
-wait 60d for microfilaria to become adults –>chest rads
1. not clear = 2 weeks of pred
2. clear=melarsomine (L3-L4) at days 90 and 91 + 2-3 weeks of pred

CAGE REST FOR 30d
Day 120
+/- chest film
microfilaria +=ivermectin + propylene glycol (1 month after adulticide)

21
Q

What do we use to treat hypertension with heartworm?

A

amlodipine

22
Q

What do we use to treat the proteinuria seen with heartworm?

A

enalapril

23
Q

What are the two types of drugs we use for behavior?

A
  1. immediately acting

2. steady state

24
Q

What type of drugs act immediately?

A
  1. benzodiazepines
    - paradoxical hyperexcitement syndrome
  2. trazodone: SARI
  3. dexmedetomidine: transmucosal
    - situational only
  4. GABA
25
Q

When can GABA be used?

A

Situational (100 mg/cat)

  • cat-cat aggression
  • human-cat aggression
  • decrease dose long term (SID, BID)
26
Q

What are some steady state drugs that we can use for behavior?

A
  1. SSRI: fluoxetine

2. TCA: clomipramine

27
Q

How long does it take for these steady state drugs to work?

A

4-6 weeks

28
Q

What are some diagnostics that we can use to diagnose ear disease? (6)

A
  1. otoscopic exam: FB, neoplasia
  2. cytology

3, +/- imaging

  1. +/- C&S (must have CYTOLOGY to perform culture)
  2. +/- ear mite prep
  3. +/- biopsy
29
Q

What are the 3 different kinds of ear flushes?

A
  1. cerumenolytics (DSS/PG/squalene)
  2. drying agents (alcohol/ WEAK acid)
    - surfactant (detergent, so no need to rinse)
  3. Antiseptic (iodine/TrisEDTA)
    - TrisEDTA paralyzes Pseudomonas membrane calcium pump)

get rid of debris first

30
Q

What are the 3 different topicals we can use for ears?

A
  1. anti-inflammatories (Posatec)
  2. antibiotics
    - aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, polymyxin B (surolan), florfenicol
  3. antifungals: azoles/terbinafine
31
Q

What are the components in Otomax?

A
  1. clotrimazole
  2. gentamicin
  3. betamethasone
32
Q

What are the componetns in Mometamax?

A
  1. clotrimazole
  2. gentamicin
  3. mometazol
33
Q

How do we treat yeast ear infections?

A

CGB/DSS daily
-10-14 days recheck
+/-systemic

34
Q

How do we treat cocci ear infections?

A

CGB/DSS daily

  • 21+ day recheck
  • antibiotics
35
Q

How do we treat rod ear infections?

A

Fluoro/DSS +/- Tris (Abx) if C/S pending
+/- antibiotics
-recheck in 1 month (2 negative cytologies)
shortest treatment: 3 months (average 6 most)

36
Q

What are the 3 factors we use to evaluate the cause of otitis externa?

A
  1. predisposition
  2. primary
  3. perpetuating
37
Q

What are the 3 predispositions we see for otitis externa?

A
  1. conformation
  2. environmental (moisture, heat)
  3. cerumen
38
Q

What are the 5 primary reasons for otitis externa?

A
  1. allergies
  2. parasites (more common in cats)
  3. trauma
  4. immune-mediated
  5. mass (polyps vs neoplasia)
  6. weird stuff
39
Q

What are the 5 perpetuating factors that we can use to assess otitis externa?

A
  1. bacteria
  2. yeast (overgrowth first)
  3. progressive pathological changes
  4. otitis media (acute 25% TM rupture, chronic 75% TM rupture)
  5. osseous metaplasia (epithelium turn to bone)

***manage otitis when it is seen

40
Q

What is the first thing to be affected by otitis media?

A

facial nerve

41
Q

What is the role of wax in the ear?

A
  • hydrophobic
  • sticky
  • allows epithelial migration
42
Q

What are two breeds of dog that have ear issues?

A

Brachycephalics: stenotic canals
Poodles: hairy ears

Community Practice Rotation (3 decks)

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