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LIDO > Rules and Regulations > Flashcards

Rules and Regulations Flashcards

1
Q

Airway Width (Regular & RNAV)

A

-Regular: 10NM
-RNAV: 6NM

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2
Q

Control Area

A

-Extending upwards from a specific limit
-Lower limit min 700ft AGL

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3
Q

Control Zone

A

-Lateral extent from airport: >5NM
-Vertical extent starts from ground

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4
Q

ATC Seperation in Airspace Classes

A

-All: A, B
-Between IFR: C, D, E
-Between IFR-VFR: C

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5
Q

Search & Rescue Alerting Phases

A

-Uncertainty (INCERFA): 30min from ETA or Comm
-Alert Phase (ALERFA): Fails to land within 5min or unlawful int
-Distress Phase (DETRESFA): Fuel exhausted

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6
Q

Ground Signal V

A

Require Assitance

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7
Q

Ground Signal X

A

Require Medical Assistance

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8
Q

Ground Signal L L L

A

Operation completed

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9
Q

Ground Signal X X

A

Not able to continue. Returning base

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10
Q

Ground Signal N N

A

Nothing found. Will continue search

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11
Q

Ground Signal N

A

No / Negative

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12
Q

Ground Signal ++

A

We have found some personnel

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13
Q

Air to Ground Signal of “Understood”

A

Day: Rocking the wings
Night: Flashing of twice Landing or Nav lights

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14
Q

RVSM Requirements

A

-Altimeter
-Autopilot for level flight
-Altitude deviation alert (max 300ft)
-Altitude reporting XPNDR

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15
Q

ACAS Requirement for Aircraft Type

A

-MTOW > 5700kg or
-Carry >19 passengers

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16
Q

Max Climb / Descent Rate

A

1500fpm throughout last 1000ft

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17
Q

VFR For Landing

A

-Ceiling 1500ft
-Visibility 5km

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18
Q

VMC Visibility and Distance from Clouds

A

-Distance from clouds 1500m horizontal, 1000ft vertical
-Exception: Free of clouds <3000ft in Class F, G
-Visibility for >10000ft 8km
-Visibility for <10000ft 5km

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19
Q

Lowest Transition Altitude

A

3000ft

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20
Q

MDA for Threshold Difference

A

If Threshold elevation more than 2m below aerodrome elevation
then MDA referenced to threshold elevation

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21
Q

MEA

A

-Minimum Enroute Altitude
-Also provides adequate reception for nav and comm

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22
Q

MGA

A

-Minimum Grid Altitude
-Minimum 2000ft except over water (omitted)
-Obstacle +1000ft up to 6000ft
-Obstacle +2000ft above 6000ft

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23
Q

MOCA

A

-Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude
-Also provides reception within 22NM of a VOR

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24
Q

TAA

A

-Terminal Arrival Altitude
-Based on IAF
-When IAF not present, IF

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25
Q

Minimum Heights for VFR

A

-1000ft above highest within 600m radius
-500ft over water and flatland

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26
Q

Minimum Levels for IFR

A

-1000ft above highest within 8km
-2000ft above highest within 8km over mountains

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27
Q

VFR Cruising Levels

A

-Above 3000ft, +500ft
-Above 28500 (W): 30000ft East reduced to +2000ft

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28
Q

IFR Cruising Level (RVSM)

A

-Above FL410, 2000ft seperation
-Starting from FL430 for even levels

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29
Q

Wake Turbulence Categories

A

-L: Up to 7000kg
-M: >7000 / <136.000kg
-H: From 136.000kg except A388
-J: A388

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30
Q

Wake Turbulence Seperation (Super)

A

S-H: 2min-5NM
S-M: 3min-7NM
S-L: 4min-8NM

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31
Q

WTC Seperation Parallel Runways

A

Applicaple for <760m distance between runways

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32
Q

SLOP

A

-Strategic Lateral Offset Procedure
-Offset to the right
-2NM for >=15NM
-2NM for between <15-10NM for climbing and descending
-0.5NM for between <15-6NM

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33
Q

Theorotical Turn Types

A

-Fly-by Turns: Up to 20NM before waypoint
-Flyover Turns
-FRT: Fixed Radius Turns. Calculates arc center
-RF: Radius Arc to Fix

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34
Q

Lateral Seperation NM (Straight Flight)

A

-50NM without VHF Comm
-20NM (SLOP 23NM) RNP4/2-RCP 240 Comm
-15NM (SLOP 18NM) RNP2

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35
Q

Lateral Seperation NM (Climb-Descent)

A

-20NM without VHF Comm
-9NM (SLOP 12) RNP4/2-RCP 240 Comm
-7NM (SLOP 10) RNP 2

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36
Q

Lateral Seperation NM (Intersecting Tracks)

A

-RNP 10: 50NM
-RNP 4: 23NM
-RNP 2: 15NM

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37
Q

Wake Turbulence Seperation (H-M)

A

H-H: / - 4NM
H-M: 2min-5NM
H-L: 2min-6NM
M-L: 2min(3LDG) -5NM

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38
Q

Longitudinal Separation Time (Same Track)

A

-Angular difference <45 degrees
-15min Standard
-10min with NAVAID determination
-5min if Preceeding A/C 20kts or faster
-3min if Preceeding A/C 40kts or faster

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39
Q

Longitudinal Separation Time (Crossing Tracks)

A

-15min Standard
-10min with NAVAID determination

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40
Q

Longitudinal Separation NM (Same Track)

A

-20NM with DME or GNSS
-10NM if Preceeding A/C 20kts or faster
-10NM during climb or descent

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41
Q

Longitudinal Separation Time (Same Track Descent & Climb)

A

-15min
-10min with NAVAID
-5min if descent will be started within 10min of a DME/GNSS waypoint

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42
Q

MACH Number Technique

A

-10min Standard
-9min if Preceeding A/C is 0.02M faster
-5min if Preceeding A/C is 0.06M faster and in between
-Preceeding must be faster

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43
Q

MACH Number Technique RNAV

A

-80NM used instead of 10min
-During level change, one traffic must be level

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44
Q

Longitudinal Separation NM (PBN)

A

-RNP10: 50NM
-RNP 4 with ADS-C: 30NM

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45
Q

ITP

A

-ADS-B In Trail Procedure for seperation during level change
-Min distance 15NM for 20kts closing ground speed
-Min distance 20NM for 30kts closing ground speed
-Max 2000ft difference
-Min 300fpm

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46
Q

Seperation Between Arriving and Departing A/C

A

Departing A/C may takeoff:
-Until Arriving A/C starts procedure or base turn any direction
-45 degrees different than reciprocal direction and 3min before landing after starting base/procedure turn
-5min before landing for straight in

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47
Q

Acceptable Deviations From Flight Plan

A

-0.01M
-Up to 9kts
-Up to 2min difference

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48
Q

Flight Plan and Delay

A

Flight plans must be renewed or amended after:
-For controlled flights 30min delay
-For uncontrolled flights 1hr delay

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49
Q

Earliest Time to Submit a Flight Plan

A

120min

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50
Q

Flight Plan Flight Rule Letters

A

Y: IFR to others
Z: VFR to others

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51
Q

Flight Plan Navigation Capabilty D-F-G-I

A

-D: DME
-F: ADF
-G: GNSS
-I: Inertial Navigation

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52
Q

Flight Plan Navigation Capabilty L-O-R-W

A

-L: ILS
-O: VOR
-R: PBN approved
-W: RVSM approved

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53
Q

Flight Plan Communication Capability J1-V-Y

A

-J1: CPDLC ATN B1
-V: VHF RTF
-Y: VHF with 8.33KHz spacing capability

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54
Q

Flight Plan Speed and Altitude Codes (KT, M, FL, ALT, Meters)

A

-Knots: NXXXX / N0485
-MACH: MXXX / M082
-Flight Level: FXXX / F085
-Altitude: AXXX / A045
-Altitude in meters: MXXXX / M0840

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55
Q

Max Distance Between Waypoints for Non ATS Routes

A

-30min, or
-200NM

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56
Q

Flight Plan Bearing and Distance Codes

A

-Example: R180, 40NM from “DUB” VOR,
-DUB180040

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57
Q

Flight Plan Change of Speed/ALT Codes

A

-Speed change must be inserted for 5%TAS or 0.01M or more
-Waypoint name followed by “/” and the new speed/altitude
-Example: LN/N0284A045

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58
Q

Flight Plan RNAV Capability Codes A1-B1-D1-O1-S2

A

-A1: RNAV10
-B1: RNAV 5
-D1: RNAV 1
-O1: Basic RNP 1
-S2: RNP Approach with BARO VNAV

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59
Q

RPL

A

-Repetitive Flight Plans
-IFR flights operated regularly on the same day(s) of consecutive weeks
-On at least ten occasions, or
-Every day over a period of at least ten consecutive days.

60
Q

Tempo Change to RPL

A

-Must be non recurring
-Aircraft type, WTC, Speed, Cruising Level change must be reported 30min before
-In case of Departure, Arrival airport and route change new plan must be filed

61
Q

Aircraft Urgency Signals

A

-Repeated switching OFF and ON off the Landing Lights
-Repeated switching OFF and ON off the Navigation lights

62
Q

Ground Distress Signals

A

-Rockets or shells throwing red lights one at a time at short intervals
-Parachute flare showing a red light

63
Q

Fuel Dumping Requirements

A

-Preferably over water
-Away from thunderstorms
-Minimin Altitude 6000ft

64
Q

Fuel Dumping Seperation

A

-10NM horizontally but not behind
-If behind and within 15min or 50NM: 1000ft if above
-If behind and within 15min or 50NM: 3000ft if below

65
Q

Oceanic Airspace Contingencies

A

-Fly at least 30 degrees to the L/R
-Establish 5NM offset track
-Turn on exterior lights
-Try to transmit 121.5 or 123.45 or CPDLC
-If able don’t start descent to FL290 until established on offset track
-Use 500ft vertical offset after FL290

66
Q

Actions When ATC Clearance Cannot Be Obtained

A

-Try 121.5 or 123.45
-Turn on exterior lights
-If deviation <5NM keep present altitude
-If deviation >=5NM and W magnetic track: Descend 300ft for R deviation

67
Q

Actions When Intercepted

A

-Follow interceptors instructions
-Notify ATC
-Try to contact interceptor on 121.5
-SQ7700 if not able to inform ATC

68
Q

Interceptor signal for “You have been intercepted, follow me”

A

-Rocking wings at 1 o’clock slightly above and
-Flashing nav lights irregularly
-After acknowledged makes slow level turn normally to the left on the desired heading

69
Q

Interceptor signal for “You may proceed”

A

Abrupt breakaway climbing 90 degrees or more turn away from us.

70
Q

Interceptor signal for “Land at this AD”

A

-Lowering landing gear
-Showing steady landing lights
-Overflying RWY in use

71
Q

Signals to Interceptor for “Understood, will comply” (Also for Intercept & Landing)

A

-Rocking aircraft
-At first interception: also flashing nav lights irregularly and follow
-For landing request: also lowering landing gear, showing steady landing lights, fly over RWY

72
Q

Signals to Interceptor for “AD you designated is inadequate”

A

-Raising landing gear
-Flashing landing lights when passing over RWY
-Overflight height between 1000-2000ft
-Continue circle RWY

73
Q

Signals to Interceptor for “Cannot comply”

A

-Regular switching off and on all lights
-Should be distinct than flashing

74
Q

Signals to Interceptor for “In distress”

A

-Irregular flashing of all available lights

75
Q

Unlawful Interference Altitude Deviation

A

-Use half of the current seperation in use
-For example: in RVSM use +-500ft

76
Q

Aerodrome Light Signals for “Green”

A

-Steady: Cleared to land / Cleared for takeoff
-Flashes: Return for landing / Cleared to taxi

77
Q

Aerodrome Light Signals for “Red”

A

Steady: Give way to traffic and continue circling / Stop
Flashes: Aerodrome unsafe do not land / Taxi clear off landing area in use

78
Q

Aerodrome Light Signals for “White flashes and Red Pyro”

A

White: Land at this AD and proceed to apron / Return to starting point on the AD
Pyro: Ignore previous instructions, do not land for the time being

79
Q

Approach Seperation Minima

A

-5NM Standard
-3NM with Radar/ADS-B etc
-2.5NM with BA Good + good stats of MROT + quality surveillance

80
Q

Radar Approach ATC Mandatory Missed Approach

A

-Clearance not received from procedural controller and A/C at 2NM
-A/C image interruption for a significant time on last 2NM

81
Q

EAT

A

-Expected approach time
-Shall determined if delay >=10min
-Transmitted to A/C ASA practicable and preferably before descent
-If expected holding >=30min it shall be relayed ASAP
-If delay changes by 5min or more, it shall be relayed

82
Q

Independent Parallel Departures

A

-Minimum distance 760m
-Aircraft identification possible within 1NM from DER
-Departure track diverges 15 degrees or more, or
-If RNAV/RNP departure and no turns before 2NM from DER: 10 degrees or more

83
Q

Independent Parallel Approaches

A

-Minimum distance 1035-1525m depends on surveillance
-Missed Approach tracks diverges by at least 30 degrees
-No transgression zone at least 610m
-Seperation on same final approach 3NM or 2.5NM if available

84
Q

NTZ

A

-No Transgression Zone
-Distance between extended RWY center lines
-Used for Independent Parallel Approaches (610m)

85
Q

Independent Parallel Approach Radar Vectoring

A

-Intercept angle max 30 degrees
-At least 1NM straight and level flight before course intercept
-At least 2NM straight and level flight before GP intercept
-1000ft vertical or 3NM horizontal seperation until establish

86
Q

Dependent Parallel Approaches

A

-Minimum distance 915m
-Missed Approach tracks diverges by at least 30 degrees
-1000ft vertical or 3NM horizontal seperation until establish
-Seperation on same final approach 3NM or 2.5NM if available

87
Q

Segregated Parallel Operations

A

-One RWY used exclusively for departures and the other for arrivals
-Minimum distance 760m
-Missed Approach and Departure track diverges by at least 30 degrees

88
Q

Obstacle Design Criteria Assumptions

A

-All engines operating
-2000ft MSL

89
Q

Obstacle Clearance Area and Width

A

-Full clearance used at primary area
-Reducing to zero at the outer edges of secondary area
-Primary area width 1/2 of total area
-Each secondary area width 1/4 of total area

90
Q

Cold Temperature for BARO VNAV Approaches

A

-Procedure can be used until a design temperature
-At this temperature GP is at least 2.5 degrees

91
Q

Aircraft Category D Additional Limitation for Approach

A

-Wingspan >65m
-Vertical distance between Main Wheels and GP Antenna >7m

92
Q

Aircraft Category Formula for Approach

A

-Speeds in Landing Configuration at the Max Certified Landing Mass
-Vat = 1.3 Vso (only option for TERPS) or,
-Vat = 1.23 Vs1g

93
Q

Aircraft Approach Categories and Speeds

A

-A: < 91kt
-B: 91-120kt
-C: 121-140kt
-D: 141-165kt
-E: 166-210kt

94
Q

PDG

A

-Procedure Design Gradient
-OIS 2.5 + 0.8 degrees
-3.3% straight climb on RWY centerline until 394ft
-At least 246ft provided before any turns >15 degrees

95
Q

SID Types

A

-Straight: Initial track is within 15 degrees of RWY
-Turning: Straight until 400ft and no turn before 600m from beginning of RWY

96
Q

Maximum Speeds for Turns in SID

A

-Final Missed Approach Speed increased by 10%
-Some cases intermediate Missed Approach Speed increased by 10%
-120 / 165 / 265 / 290 / 300kt

97
Q

OIS

A

-Obstacle Identification Surface
-16ft at DER
-2.5 degrees
-If penetrated route should be changed or OIS shall be increased

98
Q

MOC

A

-Minimum obstacle clearance
-Design criteria: A/C stays 95% of time within primary and 99.7% in secondary area
-Normally provides 1000ft clearance
-Over mountains depends on variation in elevation and between 1500-2000ft

99
Q

Instrument Approach Segments

A

-Arrival Route: STAR to IAF
-Initial Approach: Maneuver to align
-Intermediate Approach: Speed and configuration adjustment, therefore shallow
-Final Approach
-Missed Approach

100
Q

Arrival Route Protected Areas

A

-If STAR >25NM Enroute Criteria applies until 25NM before IAP
-After IAP or if STAR <25NM: Enroute Area converges at 30 degrees each side

101
Q

Initial Approach Segment Clearance and Max Intercept Angle

A

-1000ft in the primary area
-90 degrees for Precision, 120 degrees for Non Precision Approaches

102
Q

Reversal Procedure Types

A

-Required where no suitable IAF or IF available
-Procedure Turn
-Base Turn
-Racetrack Procedure

103
Q

Procedure Turns

A

-Straight leg with track guidance 1-3min or DME
-45/180: After turn 1min 15s for C, D, E / 1min for A, B straight leg
-80/260

104
Q

Base Turn

A

-Based on 1-2-3min outbound or DME
-Outbound may be different for different categories of A/C

105
Q

Racetrack Procedure

A

Entry same as Holding except:
-30 degree time 1min 30sec
-If outbound is 1min, 30 degree time is 1min
-For parallel entry, must intercept inbound track first

106
Q

Inbound Track Criteria to Start Descent

A

-Half Scale Deflection for ILS and VOR
-Within 5 degrees of required bearing for NDB

107
Q

Dead Reckoning for Approach

A

-Estimation of A/C position
-Intersect localizer at 45 degrees
-Max length 10NM
-Intercept point is IF

108
Q

Intermediate Segment Clearance and Length

A

-Clearance is 492ft in the primary area
-If using PBN, straight segment length is min 2NM
-If RF used no straight component provided

109
Q

Height Loss/Altimeter Margin for Precision Approach

A

-A: 90kt / 42ft / 130ft
-B: 120kt / 59ft / 142ft
-C: 140kt / 71ft / 150ft
-D: 165kt / 85ft / 161ft

110
Q

Non-Precision Approach Protected Area

A

-VOR: Extends 2NM each side of VOR and spreads 7.8 degrees to 20NM
-NDB: Extends 2.5NM each side of NDB and spreads 10.3 degrees to 20NM
-Only covers area between FAF and MAP
-Clearance is 246ft within primary area for both approach types

111
Q

VSS

A

-Visual Segment Surface
-Effects obstacles below DA/MDA
-Originates from RWY Threshold height
-Has slope of 1.12 degrees less than approach angle

112
Q

Straight In Approach Max Track Difference

A

-For CAT A & B: 30 degrees
-For others: 15 degrees

113
Q

Minimum Missed Approach Gradient

A

-TERPS: 3.3%
-PANS-OPS: 2.5%

114
Q

Missed Approach Phases

A

-Initial: From MAPt to Start of Climb. Configuration change and no turns
-Intermediate: From Start of Climb to first point of 164ft clearance. Max 15 degrees change
-Final: From first 164ft clearance point to new approach. All turn allowed

115
Q

Missed Approach Turn Parameters

A

-Average Bank Angle: 15
-Wind: 95% omni directional wind from data or 30kt omnidirectional
-Pilot reaction time: 0 to +3sec
-Bank establishment time: 0 to +3sec

116
Q

Prescribed Circling Semi-Width
Protection Area

A

1400-1500-1800-2100-2600m

117
Q

Circling Area Radius Assumptions

A

-Windspeed: 25kt throughout the turn
-Bank angle: 20 or 3 degrees per second whichever is less

118
Q

Max Holding Speeds

A

-For <=14000ft 230 / 280 / 170 (CAT A, B only)
-For between >14000-20000ft 240 / 280 or 0.80M whichever is less
-For between >20000-34000ft 265 / 280 or 0.80M whichever is less
-For >34000ft 0.83M

119
Q

Holding Bank Angles

A

-25 degrees or
-3 degrees per second, whichever is less

120
Q

Holding Entries

A

-Parallel: Turn to fix or intercept inbound track
-Offset: 30 degrees turn and fly 1min at <=14000ft or 1.5min >14000ft

121
Q

Holding Area Obstacle Clearance

A

-In holding area 984ft / Up to 1969ft over mountains
-There is 5NM buffer zone outside of holding area
-984ft clearance drops to 197ft at the buffer zone

122
Q

Max Holding Speeds (TERPS)

A

-For <=6000ft 200kt
-For >6000ft 230kt
-For >14000ft 265kt

123
Q

Circling Visibility Requirements (TERPS)

A

1.6 / 1.6 / 2.4 / 3.2 / 3.2km

124
Q

Circling Radius (New TERPS)

A

For MDA <1000ft: 1.3 / 1.7 / 2.7 / 3.6 / 4.5NM

125
Q

Circling Radius (PANS-OPS)

A

For 1000ft: 1.68 / 2.66 / 4.2 / 5.28 / 6.94NM

126
Q

Circling MDH/OCH (PANS-OPS)

A

-OCH: 295 / 295 / 394 / 394 / 492ft
-MDH: 394 / 492 / 591 / 689 / 787ft

127
Q

Circling Speeds

A

ICAO: 100 / 135 / 180 / 205 / 240kt
FAA: 90 / 120 / 140 / 165 / 200kt

128
Q

Secondary Power Supply for LVTO

A

-When RVR below backup power supply required
-Automatic switching less than 1sec for essential lights
-15sec for other important lights

129
Q

LVTO Minima Without Approval

A

400R / 400V

130
Q

Minimum Takeoff RVR and Requirements

A

-75m
-RCLL 15m / REDL & RENL 60m
-CAT III Lateral Guidance (both A/C and AD)
-Achieved at all relevant points

131
Q

Commencement and Continuation of Approach

A

If below minimum cannot continue beyond:
- past a point at which the aeroplane is 1000ft above the aerodrome elevation; or
- into the final approach segment (FAS), if the DH or MDH is higher than 1000ft.

132
Q

Conversion of Visibility to CMV Exceptions

A

-Can’t use for Takeoff Minima
-Can’t use for LVO approach

133
Q

Conversion of Visibility to CMV

A

-HI Lights: 1.5 / 2
-Other: 1 / 1.5
-No light: 1 / NA

134
Q

Instrument Approach Types

A

-Type A: An approach with an MDH or a DH at or above 250ft.
-Type B: An approach with a minimum DH below 250ft.

135
Q

Type B Instrument Approach Categories

A

-CAT I: DH 200ft / Visibility 800m or RVR 550m
-CAT II: DH 100ft / RVR 300m
-CAT III: DH <100ft / RVR <300m

136
Q

Lowest MDH Values for Approaches

A

-ILS: 200ft
-LOC & VOR/DME & GNSS/BARO VNAV: 250ft
-VOR & NDB/DME: 300ft
-NDB: 350ft

137
Q

Visual References to Continue at DA/MDA

A

-For Type A and CAT I: One light
-For other Type B: 3 consecutive lights + one lateral element (unless using HUDLS)

138
Q

SA CAT I

A

-Special authorization CAT I
-DH 150ft / RVR 400m
-Uses extended instrument system

139
Q

SA CAT II

A

-Special authorization CAT II
-Used where RWY and approach lighting system does not meet requirements

140
Q

Circling Minima

A

-MDH: 400 / 500 / 600 / 700ft
-VIS: 1500 / 1600 / 2400 / 3600m

141
Q

Noise Preferential Runway Selection Minima

A

-Runway surface condition not adversely affected
-For landing Ceiling and Visibility
-For takeoff Visibility
-Windshear of TS reported on tracks
-Crosswind exceeds 15kt and Tailwind exceeds 5kt (including gusts)

142
Q

NADP 1 & NADP 2

A

-1: Thrust reduction at or above 800ft, Acceleration at 3000ft
-2: Thrust reduction and acceleration at or above 800ft, Climb with clean speed until 3000ft

143
Q

TKOF PROC A & B

A

-A: Thrust reduction at 1500ft, Acceleration at 3000ft
-B: Thrust reduction and acceleration at 1000ft, Climb with clean speed until 3000ft

144
Q

RECAT-EU Distance Based for Approach & Takeoff

A

-S: 4 / 5 / 5NM
-UH: 3 / 4 / 4NM
-LH: 2.5 / 3 / 3NM

145
Q

RECAT-EU Time Based for Takeoff

A

-S: 100 / 120 / 140s
-UH: X / X / 100s
-LH: X / X / 80s

LIDO (5 decks)

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