Russia Section C Nuggets Flashcards
What was the growth rate of Soviet economy by 1980?
0.6% P.A.
How much did Gorbachev reduce alcohol production by? How much did this effect govt. alcohol revenues?
50%
Dropped by 9% of GDP.
How did oil prices fall?
$70 to $20 a barrel.
Led to a 66% decrease in revenues.
How much debt did Western loans for Uskorenie cause?
$9 billion.
When was the Law on Co-operatives, and what did it do?
1988: 200,000 large scale private companies set up by 1990 - generated 1 billion roubles. Wages double than state workers.
How did GDP change, 1986-90?
Dropped 4%.
When was the 500 Day Program?
August 1990.
When did Gorbachev commit to an “all round improvement of socialism” and “genuine democracy”?
February 1986.
When did Aleksandr Tsipko publicly criticise Marx and Lenin?
1988
Why was faith in Communism shook after the 19th Party Conference 1988?
Senior officials admitted to huge problems facing the USSR.
When were multi-candidate elections implemented? And why only partial?
19th Party Conference 1988 for 1989.
Party still appointed 750 deputies.
Gorbachev made himself Chair of the Supreme Soviet.
What were the key results of the 1989 elections?
80% of seats won by Communists. 5 Central Committee members defeated.
When did Gorbachev become president and why was it contraversial?
March 1990, he was appointed, not elected; lacked legitimacy.
When was the ‘Sinatra Doctrine’ and what were its consequences?
August 1989 - Communism fell across Eastern Europe in October and November 1989. Nationalists in republics wanted the same.
When did Lithuania declare independence?
March 1990.
