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From Flashcardlet > S&F tissues > Flashcards

S&F tissues Flashcards

0
Q

Duertosome

A

First opening of the body is the anus (humans)

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1
Q

Protosome

A

First opening is the mouth

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2
Q

Ectoderm

A

All nerve tissues
Sensory
Neuroepithelium Epidermis (the chord develops from being invaginated and all big nerve tissue develops from that chord)

Mucosa of oral, nasal cavities, anus, sinuses, salivary glands

Lenses, cornea, internal muscles of the eye, retina

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3
Q

Mesoderm

A

In the middle

Skeletal and cardiac muscle (ALL!)
Most smooth muscle

Cartilage
Bone
Most connective tissue
Red bone marrow
Lymph tissue
Endothelium of blood and lymph vessels (BIG EXCEPTION)
Dermis (underlying layers of the skin)
Non-ectodermal structures of the eye and middle ear
Mesothelioma of thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
Epithelium of kidneys, ureters, adrenal cortex, gonads, and genital ducts

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4
Q

Endoderm

A

Inside of

Epithelial lining of GI tract (except oral and anal ends)
Lining of urinary, gall bladder, liver
Epithelium of thyroid and parathyroids, pancreas and thymus
Epithelial lining of prostrate and bulbourethral glands
Vaginal vestibule, urethra and associated g,ands

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5
Q

Tight junctions

A

Strands of transmembrane proteins that fuse outer membranes of adjacent cells
Form a tight seal between apical surface and underlying layers in epithelium
Relationship between cells when we want to protect the underlying structure of top layers
Important in the gut
Columnar to prevent bacteria from finding its way down into the tissue (S&F example)
Proteins fill in space between
Respiratory mucosa
Columnar shaped cells

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6
Q

Adherens junctions

A

Plaque (dense layer of proteins) inside the plasma membranes is attached to actin filaments in cytosol and go cadherins which extend into the intercellular spce and bond to one another

Provide mechanical strength which resists cell separation

Intestines
Muscles to bone (tendons and ligaments)

Polo shirts

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7
Q

Desmosomes

A

Like adherins have plaque and cadherins
Intermediate filaments of keratin that extend through the cytosol to desmosomes on the other side of the cell
Good tensile strength to tissues

Epidermis
Cardiac muscle

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8
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

Like desmosomes but transmembrane proteins ad integrins which attach to lame in the basement membrane
Attach to the basal layer of the epithelium to the basal laminate of the basement membrane in the epithelium w

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9
Q

Gap junction

A 
Transmembrane proteins
Connexion
Form ion channels between cells
Allow direct current between cells
Rapid communication

Heart muscle (intercalated disks)
Some parts of CNS and ganglia
Few parts of the GI tract
Smooth muscle

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10
Q

Cystoscope

A

Looks into the bladder

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11
Q

Epithelium

A

Covering tissue that overlays the surface of a body part (somehow exposed to the exterior)
Apical and basal surface

Avascular (no blood supply)
Nutrients, wastes, gas exchange all takes place across the basement membrane

Outermost level of epidermis

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12
Q

Covering/lining epithelium

A

Skin and mucosa

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13
Q

Glandular epithelium

A

Sweat pores
Cortex of adrenal glands
Secretory characteristics

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14
Q

Squamous cells

A

Pancake shaped
More surface area
Replace these cells quickly

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15
Q

Cuboidal shaped cells

A

Maximize intracellular volume
High mitotic and metabolic activity

Secretory or absorptive cells
Kidney tubules

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16
Q

Columnar cells

A

Protect underlying tissue
Sometimes have cilia or microvillae

Gut and respiratory
Epithelial of intestine

Tight junctions

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17
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Changes shape from cuboidal to flat as epithelium is stretched

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18
Q

Simple squamous

A 
Endothelium of heart and blood vessels
Filtration structures of kidney
Exchange epithelium of lungs
Mesothelium of serious membranes 
Alveoli in lungs
19
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

Cells of tubules

20
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Secrete directly to the circulatory system (ductless)
Products are hormones
Secrete into the body
Adrenal to thyroid
Does not come from secretory epithelium, only associated with exocrine glands

21
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secrete into ducts which empty onto apical epithelial surface

22
Q

Exocrine gland structure

A

Unicellular (rare) goblet cells which produce mucus

Multicellular: tubular or acinar shaped

23
Q

Merocrine gland

A

Most of the body’s exocrine glands

Produced on rough ER
Packaged by Golgi and exocytized
Secreted out of membrane’s apical surface

24
Q

Apocrine glands

A

Accumulate on cell surface and pinch off that part of the cell to release it

25
Q

Holocrine glands

A

Form product and release by sacrificing the whole cell

Rupture after the product is accumulated in the cytosol

26
Q

Connective tissue

A

Living cells suspended in a non-living matrix consisting of protein fibers which the living cells themselves produce

Blood and adipose don’t belong perfectly

27
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Connective tissue which is a secretory of the fibrous portion of the matrix

28
Q

Macrophages

A

Connective tissue cell that phagocytize

29
Q

Osteoclasts/blasts

A

Connective tissue cell type that builds up and breaks down bone

30
Q

Adipocyte

A

Connective tissue cell type that stores fat

31
Q

Mast cells

A

Connective tissue cell type which produces histamines adjacent to blood vessels
Vasodilator
Mediate inflammatory response
Healing is increased because of blood flow

32
Q

Ground substance

A

Supports, binds, holds water, exchange medium
Glycosaminoglycans
Hyaluronic acid- slippery, lubricates joints
Chondroitin sulfate- support and adhesive ends in cartilage, bone, and skin
Dermatitis sulfate
Fibronectin

33
Q

Collagen

A 
Most abundant protein in the body
Good tensile strength
Poor shear and compression strength
Arranged in bundles
Tendons, ligaments, joint capsules
34
Q

Embryonic connective tissues

A

Mesenchyme: makes up internal portions in the body, becomes parenchyma in the adult

Mucous connective tissue: lining of the gut and respiratory tract

35
Q

Areolar loose connective tissue

A

Subcutaneous tisse

Joins skin to the rest of the body

36
Q

Adipose

A

Loose connective tissue
Form fat under the skin
These cells are not suspended in contents which they produce

37
Q

Reticular

A

Loose connective tissue

38
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

A

All fibers in the same direction
Ligaments
Fibroblasts are the most prominent producing collagen to resist the pulling force

39
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A

Joint capsules

Strong pulled in many directions

40
Q

Elastic connective tissue

A

Stretches and returns to its original state
Dispensibility: to stretch out
Elasticity: to come back to original state
Decreases elasticity with aging

41
Q

Cartilage

A

Chondrocytes and blasts build and break

Sparse in vascularity

42
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Long bones that end in joints

Slippery

43
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Stiff, but can bend

Ears, nose

44
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Tolerates a lot of stretching and still rebounds

45
Q

Blood

A

Violates definition because plasma is produced in the liver while rbc and WBC are produced in the bone marrow

From Flashcardlet (8 decks)

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