S7) Anatomy for Dissection — Liver, Jejunum, Ileum, Colon Flashcards
Describe the anatomical position of the liver
The liver is located in the right hypochondrium and epigastric areas, extending into the left hypochondrium
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/455/a_image_thumb.png?1510417530)
There are two surfaces of the liver.
Identify them
- Diaphragmatic surface (anterosuperior surface of the liver)
- Visceral surface (posteroinferior surface of the liver)
The diaphragmatic surface is the anterosuperior surface of the liver.
Describe its structure.
- It is smooth and convex, fitting snugly beneath the curvature of the diaphragm
- A section is not covered by visceral peritoneum (‘bare area’) of the liver
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/462/a_image_thumb.jpg?1510417977)
The visceral surface is the posteroinferior surface of the liver.
Describe its structure.
- It is irregular and flat due to the presence of surrounding organs
- It lies in contact with the oesophagus, right kidney, right adrenal gland, right colic flexure, duodenum, gallbladder and the stomach
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/467/a_image_thumb.png?1510418080)
Describe the superior anatomical relations of the liver
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/472/q_image_thumb.jpg?1510420307)
Superior to the liver is the diaphragm (separating the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/472/a_image_thumb.png?1510420175)
Describe the anterior anatomical relations of the liver
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/487/q_image_thumb.jpg?1510420297)
Anterior to the liver is the anterior abdominal wall and ribcage
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/487/a_image_thumb.png?1510420195)
Describe the posterior anatomical relations of the liver
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/496/q_image_thumb.jpg?1510420284)
Posterior to the liver are the oesophagus, stomach, gallbladder, first part of the duodenum (the foregut-derived organs)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/496/a_image_thumb.png?1510420251)
Describe the structure and function of the various ligaments of the liver
- Structure: formed by a double layer of peritoneum
- Function: attach the liver to the surrounding structures
Identify the 5 ligaments of the liver
- Falciform ligament
- Coronary ligaments
- Triangular ligaments
- Hepatoduodenal ligament
- Hepatogastric ligament
Describe the anatomical position of the falciform ligament
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/506/q_image_thumb.png?1510418564)
- Attaches the anterior surface of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall
- Its free edge contains the ligamentum teres (a remnant of the umbilical vein)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/506/a_image_thumb.jpg?1510418570)
Describe the anatomical position of the coronary ligaments
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/511/q_image_thumb.png?1510418711)
- Anterior and posterior folds
- Attach the superior surface of the liver to the diaphragm
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/511/a_image_thumb.jpg?1510418702)
Describe the anatomical position of the triangular ligaments
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/517/q_image_thumb.png?1510418778)
- Left and right ligaments
- Attach the superior surface of the liver to the diaphragm
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/517/a_image_thumb.jpg?1510418772)
What does the lesser omentum consist of (in relation to the liver)?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/522/q_image_thumb.png?1510418976)
- Hepatoduodenal ligament attaches the liver to the duodenum
- Hepatogastric ligament attaches the liver to the stomach
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/522/a_image_thumb.png?1510418965)
Describe the attachment of the liver to the inferior vena cava
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/528/q_image_thumb.jpg?1510419161)
The posterior surface of the liver is secured to the inferior vena cava by hepatic veins and fibrous tissue
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/528/a_image_thumb.png?1510419150)
What is the name of the fibrous layer covering the liver?
Glisson’s capsule
The liver is divided by the attachment of the falciform ligament.
Identify the individual lobes formed
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/533/a_image_thumb.png?1510419452)
Two ‘accessory’ lobes that arise from the right lobe, and are located on the visceral surface of liver.
Identify them
- Caudate lobe
- Quadrate lobe
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/536/a_image_thumb.jpg?1510419538)
Describe the anatomical position of the caudate lobe of the liver
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/539/q_image_thumb.jpg?1510419863)
- Located on the upper aspect of the visceral surface
- Lies between the inferior vena cava and a fossa produced by the ligamentum venosum (a remnant of the fetal ductus venosus)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/539/a_image_thumb.png?1510419750)
Describe the anatomical position of the quadrate lobe of the liver
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/559/q_image_thumb.jpg?1510419851)
- Located on the lower aspect of the visceral surface
- Lies between the gallbladder and a fossa produced by the ligamentum teres (a remnant of the fetal umbilical vein)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/559/a_image_thumb.png?1510419818)
What is the porta hepatis and what does it do?
- The porta hepatis is a deep fissure between the caudate and quadrate lobes
- It transmits almost all the vessels, nerves and ducts entering or leaving the liver
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/506/632/563/a_image_thumb.png?1510420034)
Identify the structures in the porta hepatis
- Right and left hepatic ducts (bile)
- Right and left branches of hepatic artery
- Hepatic portal vein
NB. Porta hepatis doesn’t transmit the hepatic veins