Sac 1 Unit 2

Question 1

Hypothermia

Answer 1

A dangerous condition in which the core body temperature drops below 35°c.

Question 2

Biodiversity

Answer 2

The variety of all life forms, the different plants, animals and microorganisms. The genes they contain, and the ecosystems in which they form a part.

Question 3

Community

Answer 3

A group of interdependent plants and animals inhabiting the same region interacting with each other.

Question 4

Geology

Answer 4

Geology is the scientific study of the origin, history and structure of the earth.

Question 5

Climate

Answer 5

Climate is the prevailing weather conditions of a region.

Question 6

Position and aspect

Answer 6

Geographical location is an important determinant in the development of environment types.

Question 7

Southerly aspect

Answer 7

Will typically have more shade greater levels of soil moisture and lower temperatures. Also tend to grow ferns

Question 8

Northerly aspect

Answer 8

Usually had dryer soils, warmer temperatures and potentially quite different vegetation

Question 9

Alpine environment:

Biodiversity and common flora and fauna -

Human influence and threats -

Answer 9

Plants and animals have evolved deal with short growing season and harsh conditions.
Snow gums, Baw baw frog, mountain Pygmy possum, bogong moths.

Global warming
Ski resorts

Question 10

Coastal:

Environment-

Distribution-

Elevation & climate-

Biodiversity & flora and fauna-

Human influence & threats-

Answer 10

Consists on linking areas linking the land and sea.
Constantly changing due to sculpting effects of wind, rain and waves.

2000km for coastline.
Ranging from sheltered bay inlets to rugged eroded cliffs.
I
Low altitudes from 0-200 above sea level.
Rainfall averages from 700-1200mm per year

Birds are most common, orange bellied parrot.
Grasses, herbs such as moonah and tea trees.

Urban development.
Rising sea levels.

Question 11

Grasslands:

Environment-

Distribution-

Elevation & climate-

Biodiversity & flora and fauna-

Human influence & threats-

Answer 11

Grass species dominate area.
Less than 10% natural tree or shrub cover.

Used to cover plains between the murry valley & great dividing range.
Today grasslands are found in small patches across northern and western parts of the state.

Low altitudes below 700m.
Low to medium rainfall areas for 400-100mm per year

Bush stone curlew is endangered
Contains many grass species like wallaby grasses.

Most endangered environment.
Introduction of sheep and cattle increased degradation

Question 12

Wet forest/ rainforest

Environment-

Distribution-

Elevation & climate-

Biodiversity & flora and fauna-

Human influence & threats-

Answer 12

Thick, dense vegetation in areas of high rainfall.
Tall trees grow close together forming a canopy.

Found in the southern, central & northeast regions of the state.
Places such as east gippsland, wilsons promontory.

Altitudes ranging from 200-1200m above sea level.
Rainfall between 800-1500mm per year

More species live here than any other ecosystem.
Dominated by canopy
FIND ENDANGERED SPECIE

timber harvesting
Damage due to burning of coupes

Question 13

Why should/do outdoor adventurers have detailed understandings for the environments they visit?

Answer 13

Adventurers should have a deep understanding about the environment they are visiting as they can cause destruction or problems the environment or themselves. For example if a swimmer who ventures into a surfer area without having an understanding of rips may find themselves caught in a swell and endanger themselves. Whereas if a hiker did not know the damage of cinnamon fungus can do to native trees then they may not take proper precautions and wash down hiking gear or tents and so on

Question 14

Conduction

Answer 14

Heat passes directly through the body into a cooler object such as the ground the person is lying on.

Question 15

Convection

Answer 15

Heat rises away from the body into air, for example if I were to stands in my bathers on a cool day heat wouldn’t be retained in my body as I would be exposed.

Question 16

Evaporation

Answer 16

Heat is removed from the body as water or perspiration evaporates and dries the skin. Windchill can also be a factor with thinks heat loss.

Question 17

Radiation

Answer 17

Heat is given off to a cooler environment directly, example water.

Question 18

Base layer

Answer 18

Designed to be thin and light. Should not retain moisture but push it away from the body. Types of clothing is Marino wool thermal.

Question 19

Signs and symptoms

Answer 19

Feeling cold
Pale skin
Shivering 
Loss of concentration 
Poor jugdement 
Drowsiness 
Loss of control over fine motor coordination

Question 20

First aid for hypothermia

Answer 20

Don't massage or rub person, keep still otherwise risk heart attack.
Move the person out for the cold.
Remove wet clothing.
Try to warm person.
Hypothermia wrap.
Don't give alcohol.
Don't leave them alone.
Monitor breathing.
Don't assume person is dead.

Question 21

Middle layer

Answer 21

To form insulation, form body heat and have dead air around the body. If this air is exposed temperature will drop rapidly. Examples may be down jacket.

Question 22

Outer layer

Answer 22

This is the shell layer which protects the body from wind, moisture (rain), snow and removes body moisture. Example may be gore-tex.

Question 23

Reduce the risk of hypothermia

Answer 23

They layering system reduces this risk