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Psychology > SAC 1 Unit 3 > Flashcards

SAC 1 Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Role of the CNS

A

Receiving sensory information from the peripheral nervous system and sending motor messages to the peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

Role of the brain

A

Regulates and guides all other parts of the nervous system

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3
Q

The spinal cord is a…

A

cable-like column of nerve fibres that extends from the base of the lower back and is encased by a series of bones called vertebrae

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4
Q

What is the PNS comprised of

A

Muscles, organs and glands

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5
Q

PNS role

A

Send sensory messages to the brain and receives motor information from the brain

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6
Q

What is the Autonomic NS

A

A network of neurons that carries information between the CNS, and the organs and glands, to ensure that the body can be regulated without conscious awareness

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7
Q

What is the Somatic NS

A

A network of neurons within the body that transmits sensory messages to the CNS and then sends motor messages back down to initiate muscle movement. Is involved in voluntary movement.

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8
Q

Sympathetic NS role

A

Prepares the body for action to deal with a potential threat. Activates the fight-flight-freeze response.

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9
Q

Parasympathetic NS role

A

Maintains the body in a state of homeostasis. Returns the body to calm after heightened stress or arousal.

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10
Q

Physical symptoms of sympathetic NS activation

A

Contracts pupils
Adrenaline and noradrenaline released
Accelerated heartbeat
Inhibits digestion

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11
Q

Enteric NS role

A

Responsible for the process of digestion

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12
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Transmits sensory information from your body to your brain

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13
Q

Motor neuron

A

Transmits motor messages from your brain to your body

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14
Q

Interneuron

A

Transmits information between sensory and motor neurons

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15
Q

Conscious response

A

A response to a sensory stimulus that involves awareness

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16
Q

Unconscious response

A

A response to a stimulus that does not involve awareness

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17
Q

Spinal reflex

A

An automatic response that is initiated by neurons in the spinal cord, independent of the brain

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18
Q

What division of the nervous system controls the spinal reflex

A

Somatic nervous system

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19
Q

Synaptic plasticity definition

A

The ability of synpatic connections to change over time in response to activity or experience

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20
Q

Two types of synaptic plasticity

A

Adaptive (in response to experience or recovery from damage)
Developmental (occuring according to our genetic footprint)

21
Q

Long term potentiation (LTP)

A

The long lasting and experience-dependent strengthening of synaptic connections that are regularly activated

22
Q

Long term depression (LTD)

A

The long lasting and experience-dependent weakening of synaptic connections between neurons that are not regularly activated

23
Q

Sprouting

A

The growth of additional branches on axons or dendrites to enable new connections

24
Q

Rerouting

A

Occurs when an undamaged neuron that has lost a connection with a damaged neuron so it forms a new connection with a neighbouring neuron

25
Q

Pruning

A

The elimination of synaptic connections that are not adequately activated

26
Q

Stress definition

A

A psychological and physiological experience that occurs when an individual encounters something that demands their attention and/or their efforts to cope

27
Q

Distress

A

A form of stress characterised by a negative psychological state

28
Q

Eustress

A

A form of stress characterised by a positive psychological state

29
Q

Stressor

A

A stimulus that prompts a stress response

30
Q

Internal stressor

A

A stimulus from within someones body that initiates a stress response

31
Q

External stressor

A

A stimulus from outside a persons body that initiates a stress response

32
Q

Fight-flight-freeze response

A

An involuntary and automatic response to a threat that takes the form of either confronting it, escaping it, or freezing in the face of it

33
Q

Cortisol

A

A hormone released in the time of stress to aid the body in initiating and maintaining heightened arousal.

34
Q

Coping

A

The process of dealing with stress

35
Q

Approach strategies

A

Coping strategies that directly confront the source of the stress

36
Q

Avoidance strategies

A

Coping strategies that avoid or evade the source of the stress, seeking to indirectly reduce stress

37
Q

Context-specific effectiveness

A

When the coping strategies used are appropriate for the unique demands of the stressor

38
Q

Coping flexibility

A

The ability to adjust or change one’s coping strategies depending on the unique and changing demands of a stressor

39
Q

Synapse

A

Where dendrites and axon terminals join

40
Q

Receptor sites

A

Locations at the end of the dendritic spines and receive neurotransmitters before they are released into the soma

41
Q

Axon

A

A single, tube-like extension that transmits neural information to other neurons

42
Q

Synaptic vesicle

A

The sacs in the axon terminal that contain neurotransmitters

43
Q

Synaptic gap/cleft

A

The space between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neuron

44
Q

Changes that occur to the neuron during LTP

A

-Number of receptor sites increases
-Number of neurotransmitters released by the pre-synaptic neuron increases
-Action potential is stronger

45
Q

Between subjects design

A

Individuals are divided into different groups and are only exposed to one experimental condition

46
Q

Within subjects design

A

Where participants complete every experimental condition

47
Q

Ethical concepts

A

-Respect
-Integrity
-Justice
-Beneficience
-Non-maleficence

48
Q

Ethical guidelines

A

-Voluntary participation
-Debriefing
-Withdrawal rights
-Informed consent
-Use of deception
-Confidentiality

49
Q
A

Psychology (8 decks)

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