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Psychology > SAC 1a - nervous system > Flashcards

SAC 1a - nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A
  • comprised of the brain and spinal cord
  • receives information from the peripheral nervous system
  • processes and than responds
  • enables communication between the brain and rest of body
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2
Q

What is the brain?

A
  • regulates and guide all other parts of the nervous system e.g. regulating vital bodily functions and receiving information from the out side world
  • responsible for high order functions
  • origin of emotions, personality and humour and others
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3
Q

What is the spinal cord?

A
  • nerve fibres
  • passes sensory information via afferent tracks from peripheral nervous system to the brain
  • passes motor information via efferent tracks from brain to the peripheral nervous system
  • two direction highway, designed this way because it helps increase the speed of transmission
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4
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A
  • comprised of everything outside of the central nervous system e.g. MOG
  • carries information from sensory and internal organs to the central nervous system
  • conveys information from the central nervous system to the MOG’s
  • receives from sensory receptor sights, skin, sight, taste, hearing, internal muscles, organs and glands
  • responds frim effector sights (muscles), movement, withdraw, pursue and pain
  • two subdivisions: somatic and autonomic nervous system
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5
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A
  • is our conscious control
  • e.g. im going to pick up that glass
  • transmites information from receptor sites on the sense organs to the CNS
  • carries information from the CNS to the muscles that control movement
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6
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • not consciously controlled
  • e.g. breathing, digestion, sweating
  • two divisions, sympathetic and parasympathetic
  • network of neutrons
  • carries neural messages between the CNS and organs and glands
  • system is about survival and maintaining regulation
  • highly adaptable, can be done through bio feedback
  • two subdivisions the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system
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7
Q

What is biofeedback?

A
  • process by which we can control our autonomic nervous system functions
  • essentially learning some sort of technique e.g. mindfulness
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8
Q

What us the sympathetic nervous system?

A
  • activates the internal MOG’s to prepare the body for vigorous activity activity or fir a stressful or life threatening situation
  • activates the fight flight freeze response
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9
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A
  • keeps the body functioning effectively
  • counterbalances the sympathetic nervous system by returning the body to a state of calm once the stressor is no longer present
  • maintains homeostasis in times of low stress
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10
Q

What is a conscious response?

A

decisions made in our conscious awareness e.g. walking, talking (somatic nervous system functions)

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11
Q

What is an unconscious response?

A

reactions that by pass the brain e.g. breathing, stomach contractions (autonomic nervous system functions)

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12
Q

What is a spinal reflex?

A
  • automatic response initiated by neutrons in the spinal cord instead of the brain
  • known as inter neutrons
  • whilst a spinal reflex is initiated sensory messages continue to the brain
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13
Q

What is a interneuron?

A

communicates between the CNS and the PNS

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14
Q

What is a motor neuron?

A
  • transmites information from the brain to the body

- via efferent tracks

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15
Q

What is a sensory neuron?

A
  • transmits information from the body to the brain

- via afferent tracks

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16
Q

What are the roles of efferent and afferent pathways?

A
  • afferent tracks carry information from the body to the brain
  • efferent tracks carry informations from the brain to the body
  • designed as a two direction highway
  • helps with the speed of transmission, all progressing the same speed of neural transmission
17
Q

What is a neurotransmitter interruption?

A
  • occurs from an imbalance or deficiency in a particular type of neurotransmitter
  • can occur from naturally occurring or self induced e.g. stress, genetics, drugs, diet
  • side effects include mental health disorders, addiction, immobility and weight loss or gain
18
Q

How are neurotransmitter interruptions treated?

A
  • can be treated through drugs and medication
  • artificially replacing the lost neurotransmitters
  • it does not help natural production, it can suppress it further
19
Q

Deficiency in serotonin

A
  • serotonin is an neurotransmitter that involves stabilising mood
  • without it individuals suffer emotional disturbances that can result in schizophrenia
20
Q

Deficiency in dopamine

A
  • dopamine is a excitatory neuron involved in drive, motivation and motor movement
  • transmission of impulses that. direct smooth and voluntary movement
  • without it individuals can suffer from depression
21
Q

What is Parkinson’s disease?

A
  • a progressive neuro degenerate disease, degeneration of the nervous system
    characterised by chronic and progressive changes in the brain due to malfunction and deterioration to neutrons
22
Q

Motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

A
  • tremors, shaking
  • slowness of movement
  • rigidity
  • reduced coordination and balance
  • difficulty initiating voluntary and spontaneous movement
23
Q

non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

A

psychological symptoms

  • anxiety
  • depression
  • embarrassed
  • slowness of thinking
  • memory problems

social problems

  • difficulties communicating
  • social isolation due to feeling embarrassed
24
Q

What is the cause of Parkinson’s disease?

A
  • cause is unknown but certain factors seem to play a role
  • genes
  • environmental triggers, being exposed to certain toxins or environmental factors
25
Q

What part of the brain is damaged when Parkinson’s disease occurs?

A
  • malfunction and deterioration to neutrons in the substantia nigra
  • the corpus stiatum
26
Q

What is the function of the substantia nigra

A
  • composed of nerve cells

- produce and release dopamine

27
Q

What part of the brain is damaged when Parkinson’s disease damage? substantial nigra

A
  • as neurons in the structure deteriorate, their ability to produce and release dopamine is impaired
  • damaged dopamine producing neutrons gradually continue to generate less dopamine
  • when damage continues symptoms appear
28
Q

What part of the brain is damaged when Parkinson’s disease damage? corpus stiatum

A
  • also produces dopamine
  • receives messages from the stubstantia nigra in order to produce purposeful muscle activity
  • impaired in the case of Parkinson’s disease

Psychology (2 decks)

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