Saladin Chapter 1

Question 1

What is a group of organs with a unique collective function called?

Answer 1

Organ System

Question 2

What are some physiological variations?

Answer 2

Age, sex, weight diet, fitness, genetics and environment

Question 3

Label the body systems

Answer 3

Question 4

The following are true statements about what?

• The physiological function of organ systems can be different due to age.The physiological function of organ systems can be different due to age. Correct
• Men and women vary in their physiology.Men and women vary in their physiology. Correct
• Failure to recognize variations in physiology can lead to medical mistakes.

Answer 4

Physiological variations

Question 5

The fact that most of us have five lumbar vertebrae, but some people have six and some have four, is an example of what type of variation among organisms?

Answer 5

Anatomical variations

Question 6

A(n) __________ is a group of similar cells and their intercellular materials in a discrete region of an organ performing a specific function.

Answer 6

Tissue

Question 7

When a woman is giving birth, the head of the baby pushes against her cervix and stimulates the release of the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin travels in the blood and stimulates the uterus to contract. Labor contractions become more and more intense until the baby is expelled. This is an example of __________.

Answer 7

Positive Feedback

Question 8

Which of the following statements accurately describes homeostasis?

• The body has the ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and maintain relatively stable internal conditions.
• The loss of homeostatic control can cause illness but cannot cause death.
• Internal conditions are absolutely constant and must not fluctuate within a range.
• The internal state of the body is best described as a static equilibrium, in which there is a certain set point that must be strictly maintained at all times.

Answer 8

The body has the ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and maintain relatively stable internal conditions.

Question 9

What are the three common components of a feedback loop?

Answer 9

• Receptor
• Integrating(control) center
• Effector

Question 10

Label the three components of the feedback loop

Answer 10

Question 11

Label the following parts of the diagram depicting negative feedback being used to maintain homeostasis.

Answer 11

Question 12

Blood glucose concentration rises after a meal and stimulates the pancreas to release the hormone insulin. Insulin travels in the blood and stimulates the uptake of glucose by body cells from the bloodstream, thus reducing blood glucose concentration. This is an example of _________.

Answer 12

Negative Feedback

Question 13

What is an educated speculation based upon observations that can be tested by experimentation called?

Answer 13

Hypothesis

Question 14

What is Holism Theory?

Answer 14

Things cannot be predicted by their seperate parts. Human beings are more than the sum of their parts

Question 15

The result of inductive reasoning based on repeated, confirmed observations

Answer 15

A law

Question 16

An explanatory statement or set of statements derived from facts and confirmed hypotheses.

Answer 16

Theory

Question 17

What is reductionism?

Answer 17

Understanding the human body by studying the interactions of its parts

Question 18

An educated speculation or a possible answer to a question is called a(n) __________.

Answer 18

Hypothesis

Question 19

A physiological __________ is a difference in chemical concentration, electrical charge, physical pressure, temperature, or other variables between one point and another.

Answer 19

Gradient

Question 20

What type of gradient causes the movement of ions due to both charge and concentration differences?

Answer 20

Electrochemical Gradient

Question 21

Which letter represents the receptor of this feedback loop?

Answer 21

B

Question 22

Which letter represents the effector of this feedback loop?

Answer 22

D

Question 23

Where in this feedback loop is homeostasis present?

Answer 23

E

Question 24

This feedback loop is an example of which of the following?

Answer 24

Negative Feedback

Question 25

Which letter represents a pressure gradient?

Answer 25

A

Question 26

Which letter represents a thermal gradient?

Answer 26

D

Question 27

Glucose would move down which of these gradients?

Answer 27

B

Question 28

Ions would move down which of these gradients?

Answer 28

C

Question 29

What level of structural hierarchy is represented by the letter E?

Answer 29

Cell

Question 30

What level of structural hierarchy is represented by the letter H?

Answer 30

Organ System

Question 31

What is the study of the structure at E called?

The study of cells

Answer 31

Cytology

Question 32

What is the study of the structure at F called?

The study of tissue

Answer 32

Histology

Question 33

The integumentary system is an example of which level of structural hierarchy?

Answer 33

H - Organ system

Question 34

A lymph node is an example of which level of structural hierarchy?

Answer 34

G - Organs

Question 35

A ribosome is an example of which level of structural hierarchy?

Answer 35

D - Organelle