Sampling and Variables

Question 1

what is a sampling error influenced by?

Answer 1

sampling size and sampling scheme

Question 2

who must the sampling frame be representative of?

Answer 2

population

Question 3

what should you use a simple random sampling for?

Answer 3

small sample sizes

Question 4

Name this sampling scheme: “no sampling scheme can be selected more than once in a sample”

Answer 4

without replacement (WOR design) 
ex. if we catch fish and don't return them

Question 5

which sampling involves a random start with every kth individual selected?

Answer 5

systematic random sampling

Question 6

what is impt when using a systematic sampling?

Answer 6

choose 1st subject randomly

Question 7

which sampling would minority groups benefit from?

Answer 7

stratified sampling

Question 8

what is a type I error? Otw known as?

Answer 8

reject null, null is correct

false positive

Question 9

what is a type II error? Otw known as?

Answer 9

accept null, but there actually was a difference

false negative

Question 10

what is the basis of confidence intervals?

Answer 10

standard error

Question 11

standard error is inversely related to sample size. what does this mean?

Answer 11

the larger the sample size, the smaller the confidence interval

Question 12

what is commonly used to assess the estimate of the difference between two groups?

Answer 12

confidence interval

Question 13

what value is limited of clinical significance?

Answer 13

p value

Question 14

what does a non-probability sampling include?

Answer 14

convenience, snowball, purposive

Question 15

what kind of sampling/population group should you not make a generalization with?

Answer 15

convenience sample

Question 16

name this sampling group: existing subjects are used to recruit more subjects into the sample.

Answer 16

snowball sample

Question 17

name this sampling group: who you think would be most appropriate for the study (limited number of people for this expertise)

Answer 17

purposive sampling

Question 18

does reliability have to be accurate?

Answer 18

no

Question 19

what is the power of the test?

Answer 19

the probability that a test will measure a difference when a difference is present

Question 20

what is a characteristic of ordinal data?

Answer 20

more than two choices, in order

Question 21

name the two types of continuous data.

Answer 21

ratio and interval

Question 22

what does standard deviation measure?

Answer 22

variability or spread of data from a sample

Question 23

what does the standard error measure?

Answer 23

measures the precision of the population parameter provided by the sample mean

Question 24

why is the minimal detectable difference important for performing evaluations over time?

Answer 24

for validity

Question 25

define minimal detectable change.

Answer 25

the small amount of change an instrument can measure.

Question 26

define minimal clinical important difference.

Answer 26

the measure of amount of change that is meaningful to the patient