Saturation, Chiralty, sterochemistry

Question 1

What are the rules with calculating degrees of unsatuation

Answer 1

first calculate the saturated formula (CnH2n+2)

then calculate the unsaturated formula
- add 1 Hydrogen to the original formula for every halogen

-Add nothing for oxygen

-subtract 1 hydrogen to the original for every Nitrogen

-calculate the dgerees of unsaturation by comparing the two

Question 2

when you have double and a triple bond in the same molecule what’s the priority in nomenclature?

Answer 2

the double bond gets the lowest number but the ending is “yne”

Question 3

when you have an alcohol with a triple bond what takes priority in naming?

Answer 3

the alcohol

Question 4

what is a chiral carbon?

Answer 4

when there are 4 different groups surrounding a tetrahedral sp3

Question 5

what does a wedge mean

Answer 5

it means it is up

Question 6

what does a dash mean

Answer 6

it means down

Question 7

stereoisomers

Answer 7

same connectivity, same molecular formula, different spatial arrangement

Question 8

enantiomers

Answer 8

stereoisomers that are mirror images that are non-superimposable

Question 9

diastereomers

Answer 9

stereoisomers that are not mirror images of eachother

Question 10

how do we label R and S enantiomers?

Answer 10

1. assign priority around chiral carbons based on the highest atomic #
2. point the lowest priority away

count it clockwise or counterclockwise

Question 11

counter-clockwise enantiomers are

Answer 11

S

Question 12

clockwise enantiomers are

Answer 12

R