Schizophrenia

Question 1

Positive sx of schizophrenia

Answer 1

Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech
Bizarre behavior

Question 2

Negative sx of schizophrenia

Answer 2

Blunted affect
Alogia (poverty of thought)
Avolition (lack of motivation)
Anhedonia

Question 3

What occurs in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia?

Answer 3

Social withdrawal, deterioration in function
Depressive mood, perceptual disturbances
Magical thinking, increased stress/anxiety
May appear a month to a year before first psychotic break
Late in the phase speech may become indecipherable

Question 4

What occurs in the acute phase of schizophrenia?

Answer 4

Positive (delusions, hallucinations) and negative (apathy, withdrawal, lack of motivation) sx

Question 5

What occurs in the stabilization phase?

Answer 5

Period in which acute sx decrease in severity, particularly the positive sx

Question 6

What occurs in the maintenance phase?

Answer 6

Period in which sx are in remission, although there might be milder persistent sx.

Question 7

Thought broadcasting

Answer 7

belief that one’s thoughts can be heard by others

Question 8

Thought withdrawal

Answer 8

belief that ones thoughts have been removed from one’s mind by an outside agency

Question 9

Associative looseness

Answer 9

illogical, and confused thinking and interrupted connections in thought

Question 10

Types of delusions

Answer 10

Ideas of reference (personal significance)
Persecution
Grandeur 
Somatic delusions
Jealousy
Erotomania
Nihilistic
Bizarre

Question 11

What is an erotomani delusion?

Answer 11

the belief that another person, usually a stranger or a famous person in in love with him or her

Question 12

What is a nihilstic delusion?

Answer 12

the conviction that a major catastrophe is about to happen

Question 13

Neologisms

Answer 13

Made up words that have special meaning for the person

Question 14

Echolalia

Answer 14

Repeating of another’s words by imitation and is often seen in people with catatonia

Question 15

Clang association

Answer 15

Meaningless rhyming of words, often in a forceful manner

Question 16

Word salad

Answer 16

Term used to identify a jumble of words that is meaningless to the listener and perhaps to the speaker as well

Question 17

Catatonia

Answer 17

Extreme motor agitation or extreme psychomotor retardation. Person does not move or eat, may experience stereotyped behavior, echolalia, echopraxia. Person may run around ceaselessly and w/o purpose. Onset is abrupt

Question 18

What is the most common defense mechanism used by people who are paranoid?

Answer 18

Projection

Question 19

Interventions for hallucinations

Answer 19

Try to understand what the voices are saying
Avoid reacting to hallucination as if it were real
Approach in non judgmental manner
Maintain eye contact, call pt by name
Decrease stimuli
Do not negate client’s experience
Focus on reality-based topics

Question 20

First generation antipsychotics help with

Answer 20

Positive sx

Question 21

Second generations (atypical) anitpsychotics help with

Answer 21

Negative sx. Have fewer side effects but have a higher risk for metabolic syndrome

Question 22

Clozapine produces

Answer 22

Agranulocytosis

Question 23

EPS is seen more in

Answer 23

First generation antipsychotics but still can be seen in second generation

Question 24

Extrapyramidal sx include

Answer 24

Akathisia
Dystonia
Parkisonism
Tardive dyskinesia

Question 25

Haloperidol (Haldol) is used to treat

Answer 25

Violent and assaultive behavior in large doses but has a high incidence of EPS

Question 26

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is characterized by

Answer 26

Decreased LOC
Muscle rigidity 
Hyperpyrexia 
Labile HTN
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Diaphoresis 
Drooling

Question 27

Treatment for NMS

Answer 27

Early detection
Discontinue antipsychotic
Manage fluids
Reduce temperature

Question 28

Mild NMS can be treated with

Answer 28

bromocriptine (Parlodel), helps relieve muscle rigidity and reduce fever

Question 29

Severe cases of NMS is treated with

Answer 29

Dantrolene (Dantrium) or even with ECT, may reduce muscle spasms

Question 30

Treatment for EPS

Answer 30

Usually lowering the dose or rx of antiparkinsons drugs especially acting anticholinergic drugs. Commonly used include benzotropine mesylate (Cogentin), Benadryl, biperiden (Akineton), and amantadine hcl (Symmetrel)