Schizophrenia Spectrum & other Psychotic Disorders Flashcards
Schizotypal (Personality) Disorder
Pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort in, and reduced capacity for, close relationships; cognitive or perceptual distortions, eccentricities of behaviors
Early adulthood onset
Indicated by 5 (or more) of the following:
- ideas of reference (false belief of random or irrelevant occurrences relating back to oneself)
- odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior
- unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions (perception is inconsistent w. physical)
- odd thinking and speech
- suspicious or paranoid ideation
- inappropriate or constricted affect
- behavior or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar
- lack of close friends or confidants other than first degree relatives
- excessive social anxiety
- does not diminish with familiarity
- associated with paranoia rather than negative self-judgement
Delusional Disorder
The presence of 1 (or more) delusions with a duration of 1 month or longer
Cannot meet Criterion A for Schizophrenia
- if present, hallucinations must be related to delusional theme
Apart from the impact of delusions, functioning is not markedly impair; behavior is not obviously bizarre or odd
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Sudden (within 2 weeks) presence of 1 (or more) of the following positive symptoms:
[must be at least 1 of first 3]
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech
- grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
Duration of an episode is at least 1 day but less than 1 month, with eventual full return to premorbid level of functioning
Schizophreniform Disorder
Intermediate diagnosis between Brief Psychotic Episode & Schizophrenia
All same criteria as Criterion A of Schizophrenia
Difference in total duration: must last at least 1 month but less than 6 months
[when diagnosis must be made before recovery, qualified as “provisional”]
A. 2 (or more) of the following, must be 1-3, present for a significant portion of time during 1-month period:
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech
- Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- Negative symptoms (diminished emotional expression or avolition)
Schizophrenia
A. 2 (or more) of the following, at least one 1-3, present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period:
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech
- Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- Negative symptoms (diminished emotional expression or avolition)
B. Disturbances in one or more major areas of functioning (work, interpersonal relations, self-care, etc)
C. Continuous signs of disturbance persist for at least 6 months (at least 1 month of consistent symptoms from Criterion A)
Risks:
- 5-6% die by suicide; 20% attempt on one or more occasions
- life expectancy decreased d/t medical conditions
- weight gain, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular & pulmonary disease
Comorbidity:
- substance-related disorders
- anxiety disorders
- OCD
- panic disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder
A. An uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode [major depressive or manic] concurrent with Criterion A of Schizophrenia
B. Delusions or hallucinations for 2 more weeks in the absence of a major mood episode during the duration of illness
C. Symptoms that meet criteria for a major mood episode are present for the majority of duration of illness
Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder
A. Presence of delusions and/or hallucinations
B. Evidence of symptoms developing during or soon after substance intoxication or withdrawal or after exposure to a medication capable of producing symptoms
C. Symptoms must not precede use nor persist for 1 month or longer after cessation
Catatonia Associate with another Mental Disorder
[Catatonia Specifier]
Clinic picture is dominated by 3 (or more) of the following symptoms:
- Stupor (no psychomotor activity)
- Catalepsy (passive induction of posture held against gravity)
- Waxy flexibility
- Mutism
- Negativism (opposition or no response to instruction or external stimuli)
- Posturing (maintenance of posture against gravity)
- Mannerism (odd caricature of normal actions)
- Stereotypy (respective, abnormally frequent, non-goal directive movements)
- Agitation, not influenced by external stimuli
- Grimacing
- Echolalia (mimicking another’s speech)
- Echopraxia (mimicking another’s movements)
Delusion
False, fixed belief despite evidence to the contrary
Hallucination
Hearing, seeing, smelling, or feeling something that is not real
Folie à deux
Shared delusion
Psychotic
Experiencing delusions or hallucinations
