School of management thought Flashcards
How did school of management thought come to form?
The various approaches to the management study by different researchers and scholars have come to be known as ‘Schools of Management Thought’s
The major schools of management thought are:
1.Scientific process school / Fredrich Taylor
2.Management process school / Henry Fayol
3.Human Behaviour school / Hawthorne
4.Social System School/ Chester Bernard
5.Decision Theory School/ Herbert Simon
6.Quantitative School/Harold Koontz
7.Systems School/
(Kenneth Boulding
Johnson
Cast
Rozenzwerg
C.W Churchman)
8.Contingency Theory School/JW Lorsch
P.R Lawrence
Who is the father of scientific Management?
Fredrick W Taylor.
First to apply scientific principles to the problems of Management.
His Notable Books:
shop management, Principles of scientific management, Piece-rate system
Techniques or Principles of scientific Management
1.Scientific task planning:
Specialist for planning and worker just doing
2.Functional Foremanship:
8 managers for subordinate
3.Work study:
Analyzing work
Time study- Time taken by a worker to complete a movement
Motion Study- Study motion of both worker and machines to reduce unecessary movements and increase performance.
Fatigue study
4.Financial Incentives:
Rather than based on position workers should be paid remuneration according to individual performance and on the performance the worker occupies.
5.Standardization: Standard should be laid down based on Work, Materials, tools and equipment’s, techniques time, working conditions etc.
6.Scientific Selection ,Placement and Training:
Workers should be selected based on education experience and attitude towards work. Training should be provided
7.Costing Systems: Should also focus on profit and economy. Cost estimation and control is important.
8.Mental Revolution:
Change the way of thinking for both upper and lower management
Taylor’s philosophy basis?
Science instead of rule of thumb.
Scientific Selection of workers.
Harmony not discord
Co-operation not individualism
Maximum output rather than restricted output.
Development of each man to the greatest of his efficiency and prosperity.
Equal division of responsibility between managers and workers
Benefits/ Application of Taylorism
Wider scope of specialisation
Accurate Planning
Timely delivery of goods
Standardised methods
Better Quality
Lesser costs
Minimum wastage of materials ,time and energy
Cordial relations between labour and management
Criticism of Taylor’s School of management?
1.Ignored the human element
Emphasis on efficiency and output
2.Confined mostly to production management
Other aspects of management were ignored like finance and personnel.
3.Emphasised that planning function should be separated from the actual performance. Which is not entirely possible as planning is required when completing tasks
4.His expectation of efficiency was not possible in an average worker. His so called “first class men” were not feasible.
5.Wages of workers were not commensurate with the increase in productivity.
- There is no “one best way for doing work” it changes depending on various factors like worker, factory, machinery etc.
7.No room for initiative and fresh thinking
- Functional foremanship is not applicable as the workers cannot carry out instructions from 8 foreman
- Close supervision and control is time consuming and increase cost and sometimes decrease efficiency. not feasible
10.Time, motion and fatigue studies ,standardization etc. cannot be scientifically measured
What are activities of management
Production
Finance
Personnel
Why is it called Management process school?
It is called management process school because it regards management as a process of getting things done through and with people operating in organized groups.
Different name for management process approach?
The traditional approach
The Universalist Approach
Classicist Approach
Features of Management process approach?
- It is the study of functions of a manager
2.The functions of a manager are same in all types of organization.
3.The principles of management can be improved by applying them in actual practice
4.The conceptual framework of management can be build through an analysis of management process and identification of its principles
5.The functions of management i.e. planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling are the core of management.
6.Management principles have universal application.
Uses or applications of Management process approach?
Presence of conceptual framework for further development.
Management exist as a separate discipline and can integrate knowledge from other disciplines to improve management.
Room for innovation, development and research.
Criticisms of Management Process school?
1.The functions of management have a lack of unanimity between various theorists.
(Both of them relates to universal application of managerial principles)
_______________________________________________________
|2.The principles of management does not withstand |empirical scrutiny.
|
|3.Under dynamic conditions it may not be worthwhile to find |out principles of universal application.
The Human Behaviour school main focus?
The human element. Psychological factors affecting human behaviour and interpersonal relationship in an organised setting.
Financial incentives were less of a determining factor on workers output than were group pressure and acceptance.
Essential elements of human behavior approach?
Motivation,
leadership,
communication,
partcipative management and
group dynamics
are the essential elements of human behaviour approach
Features of Human behavior approach?
1.The main merit of this school is that it recognises human beings to be the most important resources of an enterprise.
2.Viewed organisation as a social system composed of numerous interacting parts.
3.The employees have social and psychological needs (recognition, affiliation, appreciation)
other than economic needs.
4.Group dynamics at the work force is a major force. the group determines norms of behavior. Big influence in attitudes and performance of workers.
5.Managers should understand human relations
- Management must study interpersonal relations among people.
7.Greater production and higher motivation can be achieved only through good human relations.
