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Studies > SCIENCE 3Q > Flashcards

SCIENCE 3Q Flashcards

1
Q

It is the opening where the volcanic materials escape/through which eruption takes place.

A

vent

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2
Q

An opening in the earth’s crust/opening on the surface of a planet- from which lava, ash, and hot gases flow or are ejected during an eruption.

A

Volcano

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3
Q

A channel or pipe conveying liquid materials such as magma.

A

Conduit

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4
Q

A hot fluid or semi-fluid material below or within the earth’s crust that is usually made from molten rock inside the earth.

A

Magma

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5
Q

A basin-like depression over a vent at the summit of the cone/surrounds a volcanic vent.

A

crater

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6
Q

The rock or magma is expelled from a volcano during an eruption.

A

Lava

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7
Q

occurs when one (heavy) oceanic plate slides under a (lighter) continental plate.

A

Subduction

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8
Q

-plates that are located beneath the ocean
-denser than continental plates; made of basalt

A

oceanic plate

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9
Q

-a tectonic plate that primarily consists of continental crust.
-less dense than oceanic plates; made of granites

A

continental plate

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10
Q

plate tectonic boundaries where two plates converge, while one plate is thrust beneath the other

A

subduction zones

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11
Q

the process by which volcanoes are formed due to what’s known as a hotspot near the outer core of the planet

A

distension

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12
Q

a region of high volcanic activity, not located in any plate boundary.

A

Hotspot

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13
Q

a type of diapir that has a tail or long connecting magma source.

A

mantle plume

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14
Q

general term for large volume of material rising through the mantle

A

diapir

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15
Q

Are volcanoes that are currently erupting or have a recent history of eruptions and will likely erupt again in the future.

A

Active volcano

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15
Q

Are volcanoes that haven’t erupted for a lengthy amount of time, and are expected to not erupt again in the future

A

extinct

16
Q

Also known as ‘Dormant’, are volcanoes that have not erupted for a long period of time but will theoretically erupt again in the future.

A

inactive

17
Q

-shaped like a bowl or shield in the middle with long gentle slopes.
-has a broad, gently sloping landform built by many layers of low-viscous lava

A

Shield volcano

18
Q

a type of volcano that has a steep conical hill formed above a vent that is composed mostly of basalt.

A

cinder cone volcano

18
Q

-steep-sided volcanoes composed of many layers of volcanic rock.
-with high silica content

A

stratovolcano

19
Q

a volcanic crater that is formed when a part of the wall of the crater collapses following an explosive eruption.

A

Calder

20
Q

a stream-driven eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with water

A

Hydrothermal

20
Q

usually triggered by the emptying margins chamber beneath the volcano as the result of a large volcanic eruption.

A

Caldera collapse

21
Q

a violent eruption due to the contact between water and magma resulting in violent fine ash eruption.

A

Phreatomagmatic

22
Q

A period of weak to violent eruption characterised by fountain lava

A

Strombolian

23
Q

characterised by a tall eruption that reaches up to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra (volcanic rock fragments)

A

Vulcanian eruption

24
Q

an excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastics

A

Plinian

25
Q

a type of volcanic eruption in terms of activity which are characterised by a gas-driven explosion that propels magma and tephra

A

explosive eruption

26
Q

are characterised by outpourings of lava on to the ground.

A

effusive eruption

27
Q

Three products from an explosive eruption:

A

-ash fall
-pyroclastic flow
-pyroclastic surge

28
Q

a hole dug into the ground can cause steam to come to the surface.

A

Natural steam Reservoir

28
Q

-heat within the earth
-comes from the greek words:
- geo = earth
- therme = heat
-a renewable energy source because heat is continuously produced inside the earth.

A

Geothermal energy

29
Q

-reservoirs of hot underground water.
-more suited for space heating than for electricity production.

A

Hot water reservoir

30
Q

were the first type of plants created.
They use underground steam to directly turn the turbines

A

Dry steam powerplant

31
Q

-does not use water or steam to turn the turbine blades for power generation.
-uses “special liquid” that has lower boiling point which turns into steam that drives the turbine.

A

Binary cycle powerplant

31
Q

-has tankthe most common plants.
-a type of power plant where water is pumped from the reservoir under high pressure

A

Flash steam powerplant

32
Q

Volcano eruptions which
take place beneath the
surface of water. These
occur at constructive
margins, subduction zones
and within tectonic plates
due to hotspots. This
eruption style is far more
prevalent than subaerial
activity.

A

Submarine eruption

Studies (19 decks)

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