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SCIENCE 2018 > Science Exam 2018 > Flashcards

Science Exam 2018 Flashcards

1
Q

The table below shows the seven taxa (groups) used in the classification of living organisms. Place the letters in the correct order starting with the smallest group and ending with the most inclusive group.
F P C K O G S
GROUPS species order family kingdom class phylum
V
genus

A

K P C O F G S

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2
Q

List the characteristic referred to in each of the following statements:-

a) An earthworm responds to sunlight
b) A bear hibernates when it is cold
c) A caterpillar eating leaves
d) A hummingbird hovering like a helicopter

A

a) sensitivity
b) sensitivity
c) nutrition
d) move

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3
Q

Make use of the correct method to measure the following variables

a) Using a metric ruler, measure the length of the plank in the middle
b) convert your answer to meters
c) convert your answer to millimeters

_________________
_____________
_______________

A

a) 3,5cm
b) 0.035m
c) 35mm

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4
Q

QUESTION/PROBLEM:What is the effect of cellphone radiation to the human body, when exposed for long periods of time?

A

HYPOTHESIS:Long term exposure to cellphones has a negative impact on the human body

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5
Q

What plant is the only indigenous gymnosperm in Namibia

A

Welwitschia Milabilis

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6
Q

Name three (3) characteristics of gymnosperms

A

1) The seeds are protected by cones
2) The leaves does not fall off during the year
3) They are non-flowering plants

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7
Q

Describe how the leaves of the Welwitschia Mirabilis are adapted to survive the dry conditions of its habitat?

A

Adaptation:It has only 2 leaves, It has a long taproot, It has millions of stomata on both surfaces of its 2 leaves; It grows near water where water flows during the rainy season; It is a slow growing plant

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8
Q

Explain how the adaptation help the Welwitschia Mirabilis to survive

A

Explanation:
Reduces the loss of water through evaporation/transpiration; To search for underground water; The stomata are used to catch the water from the fog; To absorb as much water as possible for the dry season; Grows very slow during the rainy season to conserve water.

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9
Q

How many bacteria, protists, plants, fungi & animals do you get?

A 
bacteria - 400
protists - 150 000
plants - 290 000
fungi - 66 000
animals - 1 200 000
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10
Q

In the poem thing “ keep plates clean or family gets sick” what dot the first letters of each word stand for?

A 
K - kingdom
P - Phylum
C - class
O - order
F - family
G - genus
S - Species
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11
Q

What is phylum?

A

Scientific classification for living and dead species or organisms, categorized or grouped

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12
Q

What is a classification

A

To sort or order things into groups or categories

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13
Q

Hoe many types of variables are there

A

3 types

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14
Q

Name the 3 types of Variables

A

1) independent variable
2) controlled variable
3) dependent variable

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15
Q

What is an independent variable & how many do you get

A

Variable chosen to help you answer the question, you only get one. the thing you change between the experiments

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16
Q

Give an example of an independent variable when experimenting with flowers

A

the type of liquid you give them

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17
Q

What is a controlled variable

A

Materials, measurements and methods you keep the same for all the trials

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18
Q

Give an example of a controlled variable when experimenting with flowers

A

type of plants

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19
Q

What is a dependent variable

A

thing that changes as a result of your independent variable

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20
Q

What are cells

A

basic unit of life

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21
Q

Are cells big or small

A

very small

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22
Q

What do cells do?

A

Carry out all life processes

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23
Q

What are cells specialized to do?

A

perform particular functions - differentations

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24
Q

What uses cells

A

plants, animals, humans

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25
Q

What can living cells do

A

carry out living process, survive as single cell

Unicellular organism!!!!

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26
Q

Name 2 types of cells

A

white blood cells

red blood cells

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27
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

deozyribonucleic acid

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28
Q

The scientific method is split up into 5 major steps: name them

A

1) Determining the problem or question
2) Development of a hypothesis
3) Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
4) Conduct the experiment and collect the data
5) Draw conclusions from your data

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29
Q

What is hypothesis

A

a Hypothesis is just an educated guess that perhaps has been supported once or twice by experiment

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30
Q

Complete: This is the …. that has the factor that is being tested

A

group

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31
Q

Complete: It is easy to identify the …. variable, since it is stated in the hypothesis

A

experimental

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32
Q

Complete: The second group is the … group

A

control

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33
Q

Complete: In this step, you will be … the dependent variable

A

measuring

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34
Q

Complete: The… method is divided into 5 major groups

A

scientific

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35
Q

…. is an Educated Guess

A

Hypothesis

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36
Q

Complete: The first step in the scientific Method is determining the …. or quested

A

problem

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37
Q

Complete: The hypothesis should answer the original question and it should be….

A

tested

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38
Q

Complete: Drawing a … from you data is the final step in the scientific method

A

conclusion

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39
Q

Complete: The dependent variable is the thing that is being… or measured

A

observed

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40
Q

What do you call the science of measurement

A

Metrology

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41
Q

Name measuring instrument for Temperature

A

thermometer

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42
Q

Name measuring instrument for volume

A

graduated cylinder

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43
Q

Name measuring instrument for Height

A

ruler

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44
Q

Name measuring instrument for distance

A

Meter stick

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45
Q

Name measuring instrument for mass(kg)

A

scale

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46
Q

Name measuring instrument for speed/time (sec.,min.,etc)

A

odometer

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47
Q

How many mm is in a cm

A

10mm

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48
Q

How many cm in a m

A

100cm

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49
Q

what is a litre

A

the metric system standard unit of volume

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50
Q

what is a experiment

A

a scientific test

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51
Q

what is a funnel

A

what you use to pour liquids into small openings

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52
Q

What is a graduated cylinder

A

the most accurate piece of equipment to measure liquid volume

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53
Q

What do you use to measure very thin objects

A

micrometer

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54
Q

what is observations

A

These can be collected by using one’s senses

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55
Q

Describe organize and analyse data

A

Scientists use charts, graphs and table to organize and analyse data

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56
Q

what is procedure

A

what you follow to conduct an experiment(directions)

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57
Q

problem

A

you must know this exists before you solve it

58
Q

What is Pyrex, Kimas

A

Glassware that can be heated

59
Q

state the problem: what does it mean

A

First step in the scientific method

60
Q

what is a test tube holder

A

what you use to hold a test tube when heating something in it

61
Q

what does toxic mean

A

substances that are poisonous are also toxic

62
Q

what is wafting

A

the correct procedure to check for chemical odours

63
Q

Zero in balance

A

do this before you measure something on the balance

64
Q

What is Monera

A

Bacteria; Simple single celled; Incomplete nucleus

65
Q

What is Protista

A

Simple Algae, amoeba; Complex single or multicelled; well defined nucleus

66
Q

What is Fungi

A

Mushrooms; yeast- Multi cellular; cannot produce own food; cannot move around

67
Q

What is Plantae

A

Grass, trees, mosses, ferns - Complex multi cellular; can produce own food through photosynthesis; contains cholophyl

68
Q

what is animalia

A

Worms, fish, birds, frogs, mammals - complex multi cellular; have a central nervous system; cannot produce own food, very active

69
Q

what is sensitivity

A

is the characteristic property of all living organisms to be able to detect, ineterpret and respond to changes in their environment

70
Q

Plants and animals have senses: name 5

A

1) touch
2) smell
3) hear
4) taste
5) sight

71
Q

what do you call flowering plants

A

Angiosperms

72
Q

what do you call non-flowering plants

A

Gymnosperms

73
Q

Plants also called green plants are complexed……. of the kingdom Plantae

A

multicellular eukaryotes

74
Q

Angiosperms produce what?

A

flowers and fruit and one or more seeds

75
Q

in which two classes is angiosperms divided

A

1) monocotyledonous - single seeded

2) Dicotyledonous - two seeds

76
Q

What is the actual function of the flower for the plant

A

Flower contain male and female parts of the plant. Successful polination of flower can result in the production of fruit and seeds

77
Q

Describe the structure and function of the male part of the flower

A

Stamen is the male repoductive organ; and consists of an Anther - produces pollen
the pollen - consists of male reproductive cells; the fertilize ovules
The filament -(F) hold anther up

78
Q

describe the structure and function of the female part of the flower

A

Each carpel/pistil includes:-
An ovary where the ovules are produce
Ovules are the female reproductive cells, the eggs
A Style - a tube on top of the ovary
A stigma - which receives the pollen during pollination

79
Q

Some flowers contain only male or female parts. What type of flower would pistillate flowers be

A

Female plants

80
Q

What type of flower would staminate flowers be

A

male flowers

81
Q

what is the function of the petals

A

Petals attract insects into the flower

82
Q

What happens after fertilization occurs

A

The ovule develops into a seed

83
Q

From which structure of the flower will seeds grow

A

Ovule

84
Q

In order for flower to be able to produce seeds what must happen

A

Pollen must be transferred from the anther to the stigma
Pollen grown down the style and enters an ovule in the ovary
The ovule will then develop in a seed

85
Q

What is pollination

A

The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma

86
Q

What is fertilization

A

When the pollen grown down the style and enters an ovule in the ovary.

87
Q

Define cotyledon

A

a seed

88
Q

define monocotyledon

A

one seed

89
Q

define dicotyledonous

A

2 cotelydons

90
Q

What is an angiosperm

A

Flowering plant

91
Q

The flower attaches to what part of the plant

A

pedicle

92
Q

Why are flowers brightly coloured

A

to attract pollination agents

93
Q

name 2 mammals that might pollinate a plant

A

humans; sheep

94
Q

If the petals of a flower a reduced or absent, how is the plant pollinated

A

It can be pollinated by wind and water

95
Q

The female reproductive structures are called the

A

pistil

96
Q

name the 3 parts of the pistil

A

ovary
style
stigma

97
Q

where are the ovules stored

A

In the chamber in the ovary

98
Q

name the 2 parts of the stamen

A

anther

filament

99
Q

describe sexual reproduction in plants

A

Transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
pollen grain lodges on the stigma
pollen tube grows from the pollen grain to an ovule
the fertilized ovule develops into a seed

100
Q

The ovary develops into what structure

A

develop into a fruit

101
Q

define fruit

A

Part of plant that contains seeds

102
Q

some flowers are not brightly coloured at all, but have a very pungeant (overpowering) smell/odour that smells like rotten meat. How do you think these flowers are pollinated

A

By flies

103
Q

In many flowers, the pistils and stamens reach maturity at different times. Considering what you know about pollination, why would this be an advantage to the plant

A

Prevents self polination

104
Q

Who discovered the Welwitschia Mirabilis

A

Friedrich Welwitch in 1859

105
Q

What does Gymnosperm mean

A

naked seed

106
Q

What is the characteristics of a gymnosperm

A

the seeds grows inside the cones

107
Q

what do you name a plant where male and female cones are found on the same plant

A

monoecious (1 plant)

108
Q

what do you name a plant where male and female cones are found on 2 separate plants

A

dioecious (2 plants

109
Q

name the differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms

A

angiosperms:
Flat leaves
produce flowers
seeds develop from a fertilized ovule enclosed in an ovary that develops into a fruit
gymnosperms:
leaves are needle like
produce cones - separate male and female cones
seeds develop from a fertilized ovule on a scale exposed in the open cone

110
Q

describe the stem on the welwithchia plant

A

The stem is low, woody, hollowed-out,obconicle (ice-creamcone shaped) in shape and tough

111
Q

how does cone bearing plants pollinate

A

normally by wind

112
Q

how big is the seeds of the welwitschia

A

Their seeds are 36x25mm and have a large papery wing

113
Q

Where do you find the welwitschia plant in Namibia

A

in the Namib desert

114
Q

Name the 5 classes of Vertebrates

A

Fish,Mammals,reptiles, birds, amphibians

115
Q

What is a vertebrate

A

Animals with backbone and with an internal skeleton

116
Q

What is Multi-cellular

A

composed of more than 1 cell

117
Q

What is eucaryotic

A

the cell has a nucleus and other cell organelles

118
Q

What is heterotrophic

A

cannot produce their own food/they consume or eat food

119
Q

Describe no cell wall

A

The cell has no cell wall

120
Q

Describe nervous system

A

from very primitive to very advanced central nervous system

121
Q

What is motile

A

most animals can move around and respond rapidly to danger, stimuli, etc.

122
Q

give another name for warm blooded

A

endothermic

123
Q

give another name for warm blooded

A

endothermic

Can generate and maintain their body temperature no matter what temperature of their environment

124
Q

give another name for cold blooded

A

ectothermic(latin word for outside temperature)
The body temperature is dependent upon their environment
body temperature equal to surrounding environment

125
Q

What does spawn means

A

To lay eggs

126
Q

What does oviparous means

A

example animals like birds that lay eggs which then hatch externally

127
Q

What does oviviparous means

A

It is animals that produce eggs but keep them inside the female body until they hatch so that live offspring are born

128
Q

What does aquatic means

A

they spend their lives in the water

129
Q

What does terrestrial means

A

they spend their lives on land

130
Q

Name the characteristics of mammals

A

Produce own body heat/ warmblooded
use lungs to breath
have hair or fur
has 4 heart compartments
fertilization takes place internally
female carries young in her womb until birth
give birth to fully developed young not eggs
females have mammary gland which produce milk and enable young to suckle

131
Q

Name the characteristics of birds

A 
they are endothermic
skin is covered with feathers
legs are covered with scales
have beaks
use lungs to breath
fertilization takes place internally
have 4 chambered hearts
bones are lightweight and hollow
their forelimbs are modified as wings
they lay eggs
132
Q

Name the characteristics of fish

A

they are ectothermic
they are aquatic
skin is generally covered with scales
limbs are modified into fins for swimming
breath with gills
fertilization mostly takes place externally
lay eggs in water mostly
some keep eggs inside bodies until they hatch

133
Q

Name the characteristics of amphibians

A

they are ectothermic
skin is slimy
lay eggs in water
3 chambered hearts
adults have 4 legs, front legs has 4 fingers, lack of claws on their toes
fertilization takes place externally
lay eggs which are soft and covered in gel like substance

134
Q

name the stage of a frogs life cycle

A

Eggs
tadpoles - have a head, tail and body
Tadpoles to Frog lets: after 7 weeks their hind legs begin to grow
Adult frogs after 3 months and can live outside of water

135
Q

characteristics of reptiles

A

they are ectothermic
skin has scales bot no hair or feathers
They have three chambered hearts
most have 4 legs with 5 toes on each leg
they have claws on their toes
those legs and feet are also placed under the body
fertilization takes place internally
they are the first animals to lay eggs on land
the eggs have leathery shells
some kinds of reptiles keep their eggs inside their bodies until they are ready to hatch

136
Q

Insects are the largest group of ….

A

arthropods

137
Q

name the 3 parts of an insects body

A

the head
thorax(chest area)
abdomen(tail end)

138
Q

how many pairs of legs does an insect have

A

3 pairs

139
Q

What is on a insects head

A

a pair of antennae and a pair of compound eyes

140
Q

What do you find on the insects thorax

A

legs for walking,swimming,jumping digging. and also wings sometimes It also contains many organ such as heart and respiratory system, digestive system en reproductive system

141
Q

name a few common insects

A

fly,beetle,butterfly,moth,dragonfly,bee,wasp,praying mantis

SCIENCE 2018 (2 decks)

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