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Physical Science > Science Midterms > Flashcards

Science Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

scientific journals, conferences, conversations, e-mails, and websites are ways that _________

A

scientists communicate data

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2
Q

measuring used by scientists to readily interpret one another’s measurements are _________

A

SI units

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3
Q

A pattern in nature is described by a _________

A

scientific law

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4
Q

you may obtain information with the senses through _________

A

observation

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5
Q

a changing factor in an experiment is a _________

A

variable

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6
Q

three important parts of _________ are to follow directions, teacher’s instructions and using safety precautions

A

safe laboratory procedures

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7
Q

an experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time is a _________

A

controlled experiment

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8
Q

the _________ is an organized plan for gathering, organizing, and communicating information

A

scientific method

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9
Q

you need to _________ when the data does not support the original hypothesis

A

revise hypothesis

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10
Q

a _________ is a well-tested explanation for a set of observations or experimental results

A

scientific theory

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11
Q

the building blocks of matter are _________

A

atoms

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12
Q

some examples of _________ are changing in color, production of gas, formation of a precipitate and burning wood

A

chemical changes

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13
Q

an _________ has only one kind of atom

A

element

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14
Q

_________ is malleable and very conductive

A

metal

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15
Q

a _________ appears to contain only one substance evenly distributed throughout the mixture

A

homogeneous mixture

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16
Q

a _________ such as dry ice tea mix is a substance that is being dissolved by a solvent

A

solute

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17
Q

a _________ is when properties of a material change, but the substances in the material remain the same

A

physical change

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18
Q

substances with different properties form _________ that sometimes have different properties than the original elements that were combined

A

compounds

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19
Q

corn syrup resists flowing because it has a high _________

A

viscosity

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20
Q

when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances a _________ has occurred

A

chemical change

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21
Q

the amount of matter an object has is its _________

A

mass

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22
Q

shape, temperature, and volume are all examples that a _________ has occurred

A

physical change

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23
Q

the ability to allow heat or electric current to flow is _________

A

conductivity

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24
Q

salt water is a _________ of two or more substances that are identical throughout

A

solution

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25
Q

solutions are separated by _________

A

distillation

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26
Q

water is a substance that dissolves a solute. Water is a _________

A

solvent

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27
Q

in a _________ the parts are noticeably different

A

heterogeneous mixture

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28
Q

the man who coined the term “atom” was _________

A

Democritus

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29
Q

_________ = mass number – atomic number

A

neutrons

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30
Q

_________ are subatomic particles with a positive charge

A

protons

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31
Q

when an atom has an equal number of electrons and protons, it is _________

A

electrically neutral

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32
Q

Oxygen-17 and oxygen-18 have a different number of neutrons making them _________

A

isotopes

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33
Q

when elements gain energy, electrons move to _________

A

higher energy levels

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34
Q

_________ = protons + neutrons

A

mass number

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35
Q

protons and neutrons have the same _________

A

mass

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36
Q

when the elements emit energy, electrons move to _________. This gives off light

A

lower energy levels

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37
Q

elements have _________ when they have 8 valence electrons such as Group 8A of the periodic table

A

atomic stability

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38
Q

inside the _________ are where protons and neutrons are located

A

nucleus

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39
Q

_________ = number of protons

A

atomic number

40
Q

_________ are subatomic particles with a negative charge

A

electrons

41
Q

the ability of a metal to be hammered without shattering makes it _________

A

malleable

42
Q

by using the blank spaces of his periodic table, _________ predicted undiscovered elements

A

Mendeleev

43
Q

a column on the periodic table, also called group, is called a _________

A

family

44
Q

elements become less _________ from right to left on the periodic table

A

metallic and more nonmetallic

45
Q

elements in the same _________ have the same number of valence electrons

A

group

46
Q

_________ is when the properties of elements repeat in a predictable way when the atomic number are used to arrange elements into groups

A

periodic law

47
Q

the most nonreactive group of the periodic table are the _________

A

noble gases

48
Q

on the periodic table _________ increase from left to right (1A-8A)

A

valence electrons

49
Q

the horizontal rows in the periodic table are called

A

periods

50
Q

elements in the same _________ have similar properties

A

group

51
Q

_________ are solid at room temperature, ductile and malleable

A

metals

52
Q

an ion with a (+) positive charge is a _________

A

cation

53
Q

the attraction between protons and shared electrons form _________

A

covalent bonds

54
Q

the formula for water is _________

A

H2O

55
Q

from transferring electrons _________ form

A

ionic bonds

56
Q

when valence electrons are shared, they form _________

A

covalent bonds

57
Q

an ion with a (-) negative charge is an _________

A

anion

58
Q

_________ are formed between oppositely charged particles

A

ionic bonds

59
Q

a chemical reaction that releases energy to its surroundings is an _________

A

exothermic reaction

60
Q

the substances on the left side of a chemical equations that undergo change are _________

A

reactants

61
Q

a description of the substances before and after a reaction is a

A

chemical equation

62
Q

new substances formed from a chemical reaction are _________

A

products

63
Q

the formula for a small amount of energy inside the nucleus of an atom is _________

A

E=mc2

64
Q

nuclear reaction where and atomic nucleus is split into two smaller parts is _________

A

fission

65
Q

_________ produces radioactive waste

A

fission

66
Q

nuclear reaction where the nuclei of 2 atoms combine to form a larger nucleus is _________

A

fusion

67
Q

_________ happens at the center of the sun

A

fusion

68
Q

some types of _________ are alpha, beta and gamma decay

A

nuclear decay

69
Q

a _________ is a structure capable of controlling a nuclear fission reaction

A

nuclear reactor

70
Q

a _________ has an unstable nucleus

A

radioactive isotope

71
Q

an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy creating _________

A

radioactivity

72
Q

nuclear radiation is detected by a _________

A

Geiger counter

73
Q

steps of scientific method

A
  1. state problem 2. generate hypothesis 3. create experiment 4. run experiment 5. collect & analyze data 6. draw conclusion
74
Q

rule stating atom needs 8 electrons in outer shell to be stable

A

octet rule

75
Q

Father of periodic table of elements

A

Mendeleev

76
Q

discovered compounds- atoms combine in fixed ratios

A

Dalton

77
Q

created bohr model

A

Bohr

78
Q

found that nucleus was positively charged

A

Rutherford

79
Q

discovered electron’s existence

A

Thompson

80
Q

ionic bonds are bonds between-

A

metal and non-metal

81
Q

in these bonds, electrons are transferred

A

ionic

82
Q

covalent bonds form between-

A

2 or more non-metals

83
Q

in these bonds, electrons are shared

A

covalent

84
Q

chemical equation where two elements or compounds are combining to create a compound

A

synthesis

85
Q

what type of reaction is N2 + H2 = NH3

A

synthesis

86
Q

chemical equation where a compound is being broken down into two smaller compounds or elements

A

decomposition

87
Q

what type of reaction is KClO3 = KCl + O2

A

decomposition

88
Q

chemical equation where a hydrogen carbon atom is burning with an oxygen atom to produce water and carbon dioxide atoms

A

combustion

89
Q

what type of reaction is CH4 + O2 = CO2 + H2O

A

combustion

90
Q

chemical equation where one element is being replaced by an element in the other compound

A

single displacement

91
Q

what type of reaction is K + MgBr = KBr + Mg

A

single displacement

92
Q

chemical equation where two elements on one side of the equation are being switched with another two elements on the other side

A

double displacement

93
Q

what type of reaction is NaBr + CaF2 = NaF + CaBr2

A

double displacement

94
Q

signs of chemical change

A

odor, production of gas, change in color, formation of precipitate

95
Q

alpha decay emits what

A

one helium atom

96
Q

beta decay does what

A

neutron breaks into electron and proton, gives off electron

Physical Science (1 decks)

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