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TEAS Practice > Science section > Flashcards

Science section Flashcards

1
Q

The human body can be divided into how many primary body planes

A

three

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2
Q

From an anatomists viewpoint, the urinary bladder belongs to which of the following quadrants?

A

The hypogastric region

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3
Q

What is the name of the plane of motion that divides the body into right and left sides?

A

sagittal

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4
Q

The term detail refers to

A

position away from the where the limb is attached to the body

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT found in the dorsal cavity of the body?

A

Heart

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6
Q

What does the conductive zone do?

A

Brings inhaled air to the respiratory zone where gas exchange occurs

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7
Q

What are the diaphragm and intercostal muscles essential for

A

enlarge the chest cavity during pulmonary respirations (breathing)

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8
Q

What is external respiration

A

exchange of gas between the lungs and blood

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9
Q

What is internal respiration

A

exchange of gas between the blood and tissues

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10
Q

What are the secondary functions of the respiratory system

A

include pH regulation of the blood, thermoregulation, odor detection, and the production of speech

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11
Q

What is gas exchange

A

loading of oxygen into pulmonary blood, and the removal of carbon dioxide

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12
Q

What is the secondary role of the respiratory system

A

protection against disease and filtration of particulate matter

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13
Q

What are alveoli

A

microscopic pouches where gas exchange occurs

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14
Q

What are type II cells

A

cuboidal cells that secrete surfactant to prevent the alveoli from collapsing

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15
Q

What is Boyles law

A

the pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship, assuming the temperature is constant

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16
Q

What is negative- pressure breathing

A

pressure in the lungs is lower than the atmospheric pressure

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17
Q

Which of the following is NOT a secondary function of the respiratory system

A

Heat rate regulation

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18
Q

Which of the following statements properly describes how the structure moves during inspiration

A

The diaphragm moves downward on inspiration

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19
Q

What is the name of the process in the lunges by which oxygen is transported from the air to the blood

A

Diffusion

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20
Q

Which element or structure within the respiratory system is responsible for removing foreign matter from the lungs

A

cilia

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21
Q

In the respiratory system, gas exchange between oxygen breather in and carbon dioxide to be removed takes place in the

A

Alveoli

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22
Q

What is pulmonary circulation

A

Blood moving between heart and lungs

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23
Q

What is systemic circulation

A

Blood movement between heart and rest of body

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24
Q

pulmonary circulation transports what type of blood to the lungs

A

deoxygenated blood

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25
Q

what is Systole

A

pressure required to pump blood out of heart

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26
Q

What is diastole

A

The pressure that remains when the heart is in resting state between heartbeats

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27
Q

What is the main components of the cardiac conduction system

A

1.) SA node causes atria to contract
2.) Signal travels through AV node
3.) Through bundle of His
4.) Down bundle branches
5.) Through Purkinjie fibers
6.) Causing ventricles to contract

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28
Q

What vessels contain oxygenated blood

A

Right and left pulmonary veins, and the aorta

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29
Q

When de-oxygenated blood first enters the heart, which of the choices is in the correct order for its journey to the aorta

A

*Tricuspid valve —> Lungs—>Mitral Valve
*Right ventricle—> Lungs—> Left Atrium

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30
Q

What is the phase when a heart contracts and pushes blood out

A

Systole

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31
Q

What blood vessel contains the least-oxygenated blood

A

The pulmonary artery

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32
Q

Which of the following reflects the correct blood flow pathway (heart-valve-vessel)

A

Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary circulation, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aorta

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33
Q

P wave represents what

A

depolarization of the atria

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34
Q

What does QRS represent

A

depolarization of a ventricle

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35
Q

What does T wave represent

A

depolarization of the ventricle

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36
Q

The first segment of the p wave represents what

A

activation of the atria

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37
Q

Q wave is seen as

A

a negative wave

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38
Q

Normal duration of Q wave is what

A

small

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39
Q

What does the ST segment represent

A

period in which the ventricle is completely depolarized

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40
Q

What does the QRS complex indicate

A

depolarization, or activation, of both the right and left ventricles

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41
Q

What does the QT interval represent

A

The time for both ventricular depolarization and depolarization

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42
Q

What is complete atrioventricular block

A

may be congenital or a response to surgical trauma

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43
Q

What is sinus bradycardia

A

may be caused by the autonomic nervous system or a response to hypotension and decrease in oxygenation

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44
Q

What is sinus tachycardia

A

caused by fever and infection

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45
Q

what is supra ventricular tachycardia

A

may have a sudden onset and result in congestive heart failure

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46
Q

Where do premature contractions arise from

A

atrai or vetricles

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47
Q

What are the walls of all blood vessels (except capillaries)

A

-tunica intima
-tunica media
-tunica adventitia

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48
Q

Function of elastic arteries

A

Stretch when blood is forced out of the heart, and recoil under low pressure

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49
Q

Function of muscular arteries

A

Regulate blood flow by vasoconstriction/ Vasodilation

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50
Q

Function of Arterioles

A

primary vessels involved in vasoconstriction/ vasodilation. control blood flow to capillaries

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51
Q

Function of venues

A

Empty blood into larger veins

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52
Q

Which of the following represents the depolarization of the atria

A

P wave

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53
Q

Which of the following structures has the lowest blood pressure

A

veins

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54
Q

On an elctrocardiogram (ECG) tracing, what complex represents ventricular depolarization and atrial depolarization

A

QRS complex

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55
Q

What is an abnormally slow heartbeat

A

Bradycardia

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56
Q

Which of the following reflects a PR interval seen with first degree heart block

A

.24

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57
Q

Which section of the digestive system is responsible for water reabsorption

A

The large intestine

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58
Q

What is not a function of the pancrease

A

Secretes hormone insulin in response to growth hormone stimulation

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59
Q

What is the purpose of sodium bicarbonate when released into the lumen of the small intestine

A

it increases the pH of the chyme so as to prevent harm to the intestine

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60
Q

Which of the following correctly lists parts of the large intestine, in order

A

cecum, colon, rectum

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61
Q

When food is traveling through the gastrointestinal system, what part of the small intestine does it enter immediately after leaving the stomach

A

Duodenum

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62
Q

Pepsin is an enzyme produced by the lining of the stomach that aids in the digestion of proteins. Which of the following BEST describes the role of pepsin in protein digestion?

A

Pepsin severs the peptide bonds between amino acids

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63
Q

Which component of the nervous system is responsible for lowering the heart rate?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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64
Q

Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is true?

A

It contains both parasympathetic nerves and sympathetic nerves

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65
Q

Which nervous system controls voluntary motor movement

A

somatic

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66
Q

Nociceptors detect which of the following

A

pain

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67
Q

Which are neurons that transmit signals from the CNS to effector tissues and organs?

A

Motor

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68
Q

Within which part of the brain is sensory information interpreted

A

cerebrum

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69
Q

What are the functions of the hypothalamus

A

-Regulate body temp.
-Send stimulatory and inhibitory instructions to the pituitary gland
-Receive sensory information from the brain

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70
Q

What is the function of myelin sheath

A

insulates an axon

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71
Q

Which of the following structures receives neurotransmitters that are transmitted across synapses

A

Dendrites

72
Q

What is the term for the gap between neurons, where hormones and other messenger ions can pass from one cell to the next

A

Synapse

73
Q

When Ca2+ channels open in a presynaptic cell

A

Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters

74
Q

Which of the following BEST describes the functions of the neuron structures

A

dendrites carry impulses toward the cell body, and axons carry impulses away from the cell body

75
Q

Which muscle system is unlike the others

A

Gluteus maximus: Gluteus minimus

76
Q

Which of the following BEST describes the relation between oxygen and muscles in aerobic exercise?

A

Slow twitch muscle takes oxygen from the blood

77
Q

In what plane does shoulder flexion occur

A

Sagittal

78
Q

Following right hip transplantation, the resident has been told to avoid adduction. This means that the resident should not

A

Cross the right leg over the left

79
Q

Which of the following organ systems has the purpose of producing movement through contraction

A

Muscular

80
Q

What separates one sarcomere from another

A

Z line

81
Q

Which of the following BEST describes the relation between oxygen and muscles in aerobic exercise

A

Slow twitch muscle takes oxygen from the blood

82
Q

List the structures of muscles from largest to smallest

A

Muscle fiber, myofibril, sarcomere, actin

83
Q

How do muscle fibers shorten during contraction

A

Myosin cross-bridges attach, rotate, and detach from actin filaments causing the ends of the sarcomere to be pulled closer together

84
Q

What is the role of acetylcholine in muscle contraction?

A

To propagate the action potential across the neuromuscular junction

85
Q

What phase is not part of the ovarian cycle

A

Proliferative phase

86
Q

Which hormone in the female reproductive system is responsible for progesterone production

A

hCG

87
Q

Which structure is responsible for the release of hormones that stimulate the gonads during puberty

A

Hypothalamus

88
Q

Which testicular cells secrete testosterone

A

Leydig’s cells

89
Q

Which of the following hormones triggers ovulation in females

A

Luteinizing hormones

90
Q

Which cells are found in the skin and assist in boosting immune function

A

Langerhans cells

91
Q

Which of the following does the integumentary system, the skin, NOT do

A

Returns fluid to the blood vessels

92
Q

Which statement about the structural layers of the epidermis is true

A

keratine is found in the stratum granulosum

93
Q

What is not found in the epidermis

A

mast cells

94
Q

What layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerve endings, and glands

A

Dermis

95
Q

Which of the following cell types has a peptidoglycan cell wall

A

Bacteria

96
Q

Which of the following structures acts like a funnel by delivering the urine from the millions of collecting tubules to the ureters?

A

The renal pelvis

97
Q

What is the order of filtration in the nephron

A

Proximal tubule -> Loop of Henle -> Collecting duct

98
Q

What is the approximate average bladder capacity in an adult?

A

500 mL

99
Q

Which of the following is NOT a component of the non-specific immune system mechanism?

A

Antibodies

100
Q

Eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils are all examples of what

A

White blood cells

101
Q

In the human skeleton, which of the following lists some of the vertebrae in descending order?

A

Atlas, axis, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

102
Q

What is the name for a joint that can only move in two directions

A

HInge

103
Q

What are concentric circles of bone tissue called

A

Lamellae

104
Q

Which type of tissue keeps the muscle tissue from separating from the bone during muscle contraction

A

Tendons

105
Q

An osteoblast is what type of cell

A

Bone

106
Q

Prokaryotes do not contain

A

Nucleus

107
Q

Which of the following fibers is NOT found in the cytoskeleton

A

Glycoproteins

108
Q

What are the cellular functions of cilia and flagella?

A

Cilia and flagella are responsible for cell movement

109
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

It prepares proteins and other large molecules for transport to other parts of the cell

110
Q

Which of the following correctly lists the cellular hierarchy from the simplest to the most complex structure

A

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

111
Q

Hydrophobic molecules are

A

Nonpolar

112
Q

All but which of the following processes are ways of moving solutes across a plasma membrane

A

osmosis

113
Q

Diffusion and osmosis are examples of what type of transport mechanism

A

passive

114
Q

What types of molecules can move through a cell membrane by passive transport

A

oxygen

115
Q

Mitochondria and chloroplasts both generate ATP by what mechanisms

A

Chemiosmosis

116
Q

Which of the following refers to the folds found between the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria

A

Cristae

117
Q

Where is the nucleolus located in both plant and animal cells

A

inside the nucleus

118
Q

Which of the following statements regarding chemiosmosis in mitochondria is NOT correct

A

Energy from ATP is used to transport protons to the intermembrane space

119
Q

Which of the following structures contains DNA

A

Nucleus

120
Q

What is the longest phase of the cell cycle

A

interphase

121
Q

Which of the following describes mitosis

A

One cell replicates its own chromosomes and produces two identical daughter cells

122
Q

The stage of mitosis is occurring when the centromeres line up in the middle of the cell preparing for division

A

Metaphase

123
Q

Considering the structure of sperm, where are the mitochondria and DNA located, respectively

A

The midpiece and the head

124
Q

Where does fertilization of an egg by a sperm cell occur?

A

The fallopian tubes

125
Q

At the end of meiosis, how many chromosomes does each human daughter cell have

A

23

126
Q

How does meiosis differ form mitosis

A

Meiosis produces cells that are genetically different. Mitosis produces cells that are genetically identical

127
Q

In which of the following stages of embryo development are the three primary germ layers present

A

Gastrula

128
Q

A tissue sample is observed as a flat, single layer of cells. Which would best describe these cells

A

Simple squamous cells

129
Q

What is the most likely reason that cells differentiate

A

cells differentiate so that simple, non-specialized cells can become highly specialized cells

130
Q

Two criteria for classifying epithelial tissue are

A

cell layers can cell shape

131
Q

Which class of epithelial cells produces a lubricating mucus in the digestive tract of the stomach

A

simple columnar epithelium

132
Q

Which of the following is NOT a role of connective tissue in the body

A

Exchange of gases

133
Q

Which of the following is NOT a pyrimidine base

A

Adenine

134
Q

Transcription of the genetic material occurs when

A

DNA is copied into the complementary form of mRNA

135
Q

What is the probability of an offspring having a homozygous recessive trait if both parents are heterozygous for the trait

A

25%

136
Q

If a biologist is describing the physical and visible expression of a genetic trait, which of the following is he referring to

A

phenotype

137
Q

In DNA replication, which of the following enzymes is required for separating the DNA molecule into two strands

A

Helicase

138
Q

Transcription of the genetic material occurs when

A

DNA is copied into the complementary form of mRNA

139
Q

How are lipids different than other organic molecules?

A

They are not water-soluble

140
Q

What type of biological molecule includes monosaccharides

A

carbohydrate

141
Q

Catabolic reactions are the opposite of anabolic reactions in that catabolic reaction

A

release energy

142
Q

Which type of biological moleucle stores information

A

Nucleic acids

143
Q

Which of the following is NOT a basic organic macromolecule produced by anabolic reaction

A

Nucleotides

144
Q

Which of the following cell types has a peptidoglycan cell wall

A

Bacteria

145
Q

A virus is actively replicating DNA in what stage

A

Lytic cycle

146
Q

Which of the following is NOT a shared characteristic between viruses and bacteria

A

They contain cell walls

147
Q

Fungi would commonly be found in which location

A

Mold

148
Q

How many components compromise the cycle of infection

A

Six

149
Q
A
150
Q

A virus is actively replicating DNA in what stage

A

Lytic cycle

151
Q

Which if the following is NOT a shared characteristic between viruses and bacteria

A

They contain cell walls

152
Q

FUngi would commonly be found in which location

A

Mold

153
Q

How many components compromise the cycle of infection

A

Six

154
Q

Which of the following electron shells can hold a maximum of 32 electrons

A

N shell

155
Q

How do isotopes of the same element differ

A

They have different number of neutrons

156
Q

Electrons that are shared between two atoms form which of the following types of bond

A

Covalent

157
Q

One negatively charged atom and one positively charged atoms form which of the following types of bond

A

ionic

158
Q

What is the name for the number of protons in an atom?

A

Atomic number

159
Q

Which of the following is a substituted hydrocarbon compound containing an oxygen molecule linking two hydrocarbon groups

A

Ether

160
Q

Which of the following is a compound with a nitrogen atom that contains a lone pair of electrons and is bound to one or more hydrocarbon groups

A

Amine

161
Q

The most important feature of the periodic table is its arrangement according to

A

Periodicity

162
Q

What is NOT an extensive property

A

Temperature

163
Q

Which of the following forms of water is the densest

A

Liquid

164
Q

What is the definition of a conductor

A

A material that contains movable electric charges

165
Q

The state of matter in which atoms have the strongest bond is

A

Solid

166
Q

Which of these is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction

A

Catalyst

167
Q

The rate of a chemical reaction depends on all of the following except

A

Amount of mass lost

168
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about water

A

It is nonpolar

169
Q

An acid is a substance that increases the ____ count in water

A

Hydrogen ion

170
Q

Hydrogen bonding is responsible for all EXCEPT which of the following

A

ABsorbing heat by incurring a large temperature change

171
Q

Which choice below reflects a valid property of water that due to hydrogen bonding

A

Water is an insulator

172
Q

What is the prefix of hecto-

A

10^2

173
Q

Which of the following should be used for accurately measuring a small amount of liquid

A

pipette

174
Q

Which of the following is a statement of behavior that consolidates all current observations

A

Theory

175
Q

A triple-beam balance measures which of the following

A

Mass

176
Q

Which of the following prefixes indicates the largest multiple of the base unit

A

Tera-

TEAS Practice (2 decks)

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