Scottish Independence Flashcards
1
Q
Who does Balliol do Homage to in 1296?
A
As crowned King of Scots, John Balliol pays Homage to Edward I as his overlord.
2
Q
What were the implications that followed Balliols Homage to Edward I?
A
- Scotland basically belonged to Edward
- Edward is superior and is likely to judge Balliol’s actions.
- Edward has a right to military service from Scotland
3
Q
What happened when Edward demanded support from the Scots when he broke war with the French in 1294?
A
Balliol refused this demand.
- Balliol was supported by a council of 12 major nobles against Edwards’s I demand.
- Balliol makes an alliance with France and Norway in 1295
- Raids begin in Northern English counties.
4
Q
Edward’s I reaction to Balliols rebellion
A
- Edward can not sit back and allow Balliol to go unpunished. He must take action.
- Preparations to invade the Scots began in 1295.
- Edward I had support from some Scots nobles such as the Bruce family.
5
Q
Edwards invasion 1296
A
In 1296, Edward attacked Berwick and was taken under his control in 3 days of fighting.
- The Scots army outnumbered the English however, they were inexperienced as they had not fought for many years and
- were scattered by superior English cavalry and archers
6
Q
Collapse of Resistance
A
By August, Edward takes over direct control.
- Balliol is deprived of his crown
- Symbols of Scottish Royalty removed
- Scots nobles were forced to swear fealty to Edward (Rogman’s Roll)
- English sheriff appointed to rule over Scotland
- Earl Warenne appointed ‘Warden of Scotland’
7
Q
Causes of discontent with Edwards rule in Scotland in 1296-7
A
- Loss of pride
- Imposition of English sheriffs and their arrogant behavior (Socts nobles feels insulted)
- Tax increases in order to pay reparations for Edwards wars
- Scottish Bishops want to preserve their independence from the English Church
8
Q
Who was Wallace?
A
- He himself was nota noble
- He did not sign the Ragmons Roll
- He was a vessel of the Stewart family (Allies of the Bruce’s)
- Politically conservative
- Supported Balliol when major nobles can’t
9
Q
The Wallace rising
A
In 1297, Wallace murders the English sheriff of Lanark, Willaim Heselrig
- This acts as a signal for a general rising
- Attratcs support of Scots who are not happy with Edwards enforced English rule and taxes-mostly common people, including some churchmen and nobles
- Begins ‘hit and runs’ attacks on English in the south of Scotland
