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Diving > Seamanship > Flashcards

Seamanship Flashcards

1
Q

What is a non-regulated pleasure vessel?

A

Boat less than 13.7m in length

No legislation re lifesaving or fire safety equipment

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2
Q

What is a class XII vessel?

A

Vessel longer than 13.7m

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3
Q

What is a RIB?

A

Rigid-hulled inflatatable boat
Made of glass fibre reinforced plastic (GRP)
Powered by inboard or outboard motor
Can be 2 stroke, 4 stroke or diesel

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4
Q

What types of motion occur at sea in a boat?

A 
Roll = side to side about the fore-to-aft (longitudinal) axis 
Pitch = up and down of bow and stern around boat's beam-to-beam (lateral) axis 
Yaw = back and forth weaving motion in response to being pushed by waves
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5
Q

How do you start the engine on a RIB?

A

Connect fuel line to engine, prime rubber bulb until hard
Use choke if it has one
Turn engine on
Check telltale jet of water

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6
Q

What is a bend in a rope?

A

Way of tying ends together

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7
Q

What is a flake (rope)?

A

Lay down a rope so that it pays out freely

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8
Q

What is a warp?

A

A rope being used for anchoring and mooring

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9
Q

What is whipping?

A

A small lashing of sail twine to prevent the end of a rope unravelling

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10
Q

When would you use a bowline?

A

Will not slip or jam, easy to undo

Can be used to make a loop to tie 2 bits of rope together, when a shot line or mooring line needs extending

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11
Q

When would you use a reef knot?

A

Used to join 2 bits of rope of equal diameter and type

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12
Q

When would you use a sheet bend?

A

Joining 2 bits of rope that are different diameters/ types

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13
Q

When would you use hitches?

A

Used to secure a line to a ring or a post

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14
Q

When would you use an anchor bend?

A

Used to attach a rope to a ring or a handle eg on a shot

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15
Q

What is belaying?

A

Making a line fast by winding it around a cleat

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16
Q

What is splicing?

A

A permanent join between two ropes that keeps the fibres parallel (stops putting uneven strain on it)

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17
Q

What are the tips for a good splice?

A

5 tucks is minimum
Length of unalid strands should be about 10x diameter of rope
Twist each strand before making a tuck
Roll it in your hands to bed all tucks properly and smooth the rope to finish

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18
Q

How should you use ropes to moor up a boat?

A

Use stern rope and bow rope
Use stern and bow springs
Use breast ropes

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19
Q

How heavy should an anchor be?

A

For 3-4m boat, 5kg

For >5m boat, 10kg

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20
Q

What are the types of anchor?

A 
Bruce
CQR
Danforth
Grapnel
Folding Grapnel
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21
Q

Describe a Bruce anchor.

A

For high holding-to-weight ratio
Lighter than a CQR, no moving parts
Difficult to stow, does not sit well on weed
Good for mud

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22
Q

Describe a CQR anchor.

A

For high holding-to-weight ratio
Hard to stow, moving parts can break
Good for mud

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23
Q

Describe a Danforth anchor.

A

Good holding-to-weight ratio, stows flat
Moving parts can jam, hard to break out of mud, does not sit well on weed
Good for sand

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24
Q

Describe a Grapnel anchor.

A

Cheap and disposable, can be home made
Too light to hold if not hooked in, ineffective on sand and mud, awkward to stow, not suitable as a main anchor
Good for temporary anchoring into wrecks, shotline sinker for wrecks

25
Q

Describe a foling Grapnel anchor.

A

Easy to stow, can fold it up if not in use
Too light to hold if not hooked in, poor on sand and mud and not suitable for main anchor
Good for boulders

26
Q

How do you stow an anchor?

A

Attach inboard end of line to secure point in boat
Attach buoy to end of line
Flake the line into a container

27
Q

Describe a 2 stroke engine.

A

Simply, cheap, easy to maintain, light weight and compact

High levels of pollutants - only engines with direct fuel injection systems meet requirements for EU

28
Q

Describe a 4 stroke engine.

A

Use less fuel and oil than 2 stroke

Quieter but heavier

29
Q

What is the difference between petrol and diesel?

A

Diesel has higher boiling point
Less flammable
Greater torque of a diesel engine means at lower engine speed the engine delivers more power than petrol

30
Q

Which direction do you give way to?

A

Give way to starboard side

31
Q

What are the rules of the road in narrow channels?

A

Must keep to starboard side

Cross busy shipping lanes at 90’

32
Q

How do you tell if you’re on a collision course with another boat?

A

Use fixed point on your boat that lines up with theirs
Keep speed and course steady
If other boat falls behind fixed point, you will pass in front of it

33
Q

How far does a fixed VHF radio on a small craft reach?

A

15nm

34
Q

What is GMDSS?

A

Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
Part of SOLAS
Organisation, procedures and communication protocols for emergencies at sea

35
Q

What is DSC?

A

Digital Selective Calling

For VHF radio - channel 70

36
Q

What is a MMSI?

A

Maritime Mobile Service Identification number

9 digit electronic call sign - essential for DSC

37
Q

How can you send out a distress signal?

A 
Radio MAYDAY
SOS . . . - - - . . .
Ball over or under square
Slowly raising and lowering arms 
Continuous sounding of fog horn 
N C by flags or morse code (N = - . C= - . - . )
38
Q

Describe the types of flares.

A

Red parachute rocket flares - seen for 28 miles on a clear night, hangs in air for 40 sec
If in wind - fire 15’ downwind
Red hand held flares - visible for 7 miles on clear night - used when in sight of shore or other vessels
Orange smoke flares - used in daylight, can be seen for 3 miles
White hand held flare - used at night if there is about to be a collision

39
Q

What is an effective diver recall signal?

A

Thunderflash

40
Q

What is a Williamson turn?

A

Turn 60’ from original heading and continue in straight line until there is enough room to turn onto reciprocal of original course

41
Q

What is a sea anchor?

A

Nylon parachute that can slow a drifting boat

Min of 10 boat lengths of line is needed

42
Q

How can you avoid salvage rights?

A

Make it clear you are not in danger but just need some assistance
Negotiate a fee first and get witnesses
Always pass your line to them as this means you’re in control

43
Q

What is SOLAS V?

A

Chapter 5 of International Safety Of Life At Sea

44
Q

What are lines of latitude?

A

Horizontal lines drawn parallel to equator

Labelled in degrees N or S

45
Q

What are lines of longitude?

A

Circumferences of the Earth that pass through the poles

Labelled in degrees E or W

46
Q

How big is a nautical mile?

A

Distance between 2 points a minute apart - 1/60 of a degree
1852m
1.15 miles

47
Q

What abbreviations are used for the sea bed on charts? (S, Sn, R, f, bk, M, St, Wd, C, so, Rf)

A 
S = sand
Sn = shingle
R = rock
f = fine 
bk = broken 
M = mud
St = stones
Wd = weed
C = course
so = soft 
Rf = reef
48
Q

What is MHWS?

A

Mean High Water Springs

Average height of high water at spring tides, used to measure height of land objects shown on chart

49
Q

What is HAT?

A

Highest Astronomical Tide

50
Q

What is a rip current?

A

Occur when water is driven over a sand bar or reef by the flood tide or by adverse weather
Water is funnelled back through narrow opening causing strong back current

51
Q

What does veer and back mean?

A 
Veer = wind changes in direction clockwise 
Back = wind changes in anti-clockwise direction
52
Q

What lights does a motor boat under 12m have?

A

Red/ green on bow

All round white at stern

53
Q

What lights does a sailing vessel under 20m have?

A

Red/green on bow

White pointing astern

54
Q

What lights does a sailing vessels over 20m have?

A

White light on stern pointing astern
White light on bow pointing towards front
Red/ green on bow

55
Q

What lights does a vessel over 50m have?

A

2 white lights on bow and middle, pointing towards bow
1 white light on stern, pointing astern
Red/ green on bow

56
Q

How does a boat show its at anchor?

A

Black ball by day

All round white light at night (1 if less than 50m, 2 if bigger than 50m)

57
Q

If you see 2 white lights and green, what is the vessel doing?

A

Vessel over 50m with its starboard side facing you

58
Q

If you see a red light and a white light, what is the vessel doing?

A

Either motor boat under 12m or sailing vessel over 20m, port side towards you

Diving (13 decks)

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