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A-Level Psychology AQA > Section 2 - Memory > Flashcards

Section 2 - Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Who created the multistore model of memory?

A

Created by Atkinson and Shiffrin

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2
Q

What is the multistore model memory?

A

It is an information processing model

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3
Q

The multistore model is linear, what does this mean?

A

It means that information is shown to flow through the system in one direction.

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4
Q

Is the multistore model made up of active or passive stores and what does this mean?

A

They are made up of passive stores. This means that information is held on to before being passed on or lost

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5
Q

What are the stores of the multistore model memory?

A

. Sensory register
. Short term memory
. Long term memory

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6
Q

What are the three key features of each store in the MSM?

A

. Coding
. Capacity
. Duration

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7
Q

What is coding?

A

The different information types\formats the brain uses to store memory

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8
Q

What is capacity?

A

How much information can be held by a store

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9
Q

What is duration?

A

How long information can be held in that store for before being lost

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10
Q

What store collects sensory info?

A

Sensory register

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11
Q

What are the features of the SENSORY REGISTER?

A

. It is not under cognitive control like the STM or LTM
. Sensory info is detected and recorded automatically
. All info found in STM or LTM is initially gathered by sensory register

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12
Q

How is information passed from the SENSORY REGISTER to the SHORT TERM MEMORY?

A

By paying attention

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13
Q

What is the coding in the SENSORY REGISTER?

A

Sensory register store depends on the sense organ that information comes from. ie iconic, echoic, haptic, gustatory, olfactory.

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14
Q

What is modality specific?

A

Dependant on the sense organ. This term can be used instead of listing the senses

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15
Q

What is the capacity in the SENSORY REGISTER?

A

It is very large as it has to contain all sense impressions for all senses in the moment. Only what is paid attention to is passed on to the STM

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16
Q

What is the duration in the SENSORY REGISTER?

A

It is very short as low as 250ms.

17
Q

Why is the duration so short in the SENSORY REGISTER?

A

Because so much info is held, it can’t be retained for long. However each store has a different duration

18
Q

What happens to the information in the SENSORY REGISTER that is not paid attention to?

A

It is lost

19
Q

How does Short Term Memory receive information?

A

By paying attention in sensory register

20
Q

What is the coding in the STM?

A

Information is stored acoustically (sound)

21
Q

What is the capacity in the STM?

A

It is small, as suggested by Miller. It is approx 7 items + or - 2 (5-9)

22
Q

How can capacity in STM be improved?

A

By a process called ‘chunking’. This is making small sets/groups of items and so reduces the number of items overall.

23
Q

What is the duration of the STM?

A

It is short, 18-30secs.

24
Q

How can duration in STM be extended?

A

Duration of info can be extended by verbal rehearsal

25
Q

How does STM pass information to LTM?

A

Through rehearsal.

26
Q

What types of rehearsal can be used to pass info from STM to LTM?

A

Maintenance rehearsal (repeating info) or elaborative rehearsal (linking info in STM to info already in LTM)

27
Q

How is information passed back into the STM from the LTM?

A

By retrieval

28
Q

How is information lost in the STM?

A

By displacement of new information or lost over time (decay)

29
Q

How can information in the LTM be used?

A

Needs to be passed back to STM via retrieval

30
Q

What is the coding in the LTM?

A

Information in the LTM is stored semantically (form of meaning)

31
Q

What is the capacity in the LTM?

A

No limit has been found to the amount of information in LTM. Info can be lost but only because its inaccessible not because there is no room.

32
Q

What is the duration of the LTM?

A

Potentially unlimited

A-Level Psychology AQA (17 decks)

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