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Geography 3rd Form > Section 3 Glacial Landscapes > Flashcards

Section 3 Glacial Landscapes Flashcards

1
Q

Where are Lowlands usually? (height)

A

Close to or below 200m above sea level

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2
Q

Where are Uplands usually?

A

Made up of Mountains or high hills.
Usually 600m above sea level.

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3
Q

Is Loch Ness an Upland or a Lowland?

A

Upland but its in a valley

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4
Q

What’s plateau?

A

A flat area at the top of a steep slope

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5
Q

What does the Tees-Ex line show/separate?

A

Upland/Lowland areas of Britain.

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6
Q

When was the last Ice Age?

A

22,000-12,000 years ago

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7
Q

How thick was the ice in the last Ice Age?

A

3km Thick

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8
Q

Why did Glaciers flow downhill?

A

Gravity

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9
Q

What’s a glacial period?
(Hint: Temperature)

A

When global temps drop from 15 to 1 and the ice begins to advance

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10
Q

What’s an interglacial period?

A

Where the temperature increases significantly and the ice retreats

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11
Q

What’s a glacier?

A

Slow moving mass of Ice. Going downhill

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12
Q

What is weathering a form of?

A

Erosion

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13
Q

What’s a common type of weathering?

A

Freeze-Thaw Weathering

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14
Q

What happens at the first stage of Freeze-Thaw weathering?

A

Water gets in the cracks in the rocks

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15
Q

What happens in the night with Freeze-Thaw Weathering

A

Overnight the water freezes expanding this puts pressure on the rock

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16
Q

What happens to the rock over time as a result of Freeze-Thaw Weathering?

A

Over time and pressure the rock breaks

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17
Q

What’s the consequence of Freeze-Thaw Weathering that can be seen on sides of mountains?

A

Scree – small pieces of rock

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18
Q

What is Glacial Erosion?

A

Wearing away and removal of land due to water, ice or wind.

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19
Q

What are two types of Glacial Erosion?

A

Abrasion and Plucking

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20
Q

What is Plucking?

A

Due to friction the glacier melts, this water gets into the cracks of the rock below. The water freezes and the rock effectively become part of the glacier and is ripped out when the glacier moves

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21
Q

What is Abrasion?

A

Rocks at the bottom of the glacier acts like sandpaper, grinding over the rock below. This can polish the rock or create sharp grooves called striations

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22
Q

When a glacier moves what does it transport?

A

Till

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23
Q

What’s material called that is transported under the Glacier?

A

Subglacial Material

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24
Q

What’s material called that is transported in the glacier?

A

Englacial Material

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25
Q

What’s material called that is transported on top of the glacier?

A

Supraglacial Material

26
Q

What is material transported by ice called?

A

Glacial Till

27
Q

What is Bulldozing?

A

When the glacier moves forward ‘shovelling’ rock debris in front to create a high ridge.

28
Q

What’s the high ridge caused by bulldozing called?

A

Morraine

29
Q

What happens with Glacial Deposition?

A

Glacier deposits material

30
Q

Why does the ice drop material?

A

When it starts losing energy

31
Q

How can you tell if a glacier has been around?

A

If there are large and small boulders lying around on mountains or plains

32
Q

What’s a landform?

A

A natural feature on Earth’s surface caused by Geographical processes

33
Q

What’s a corrie?

A

A bowl shaped hollow with a steep back wall.
After the glacier melts rain water can collect in the corrie forming a small lake known as a tarn.

34
Q

How is a Arete formed?

A

When corries form on two sides back to back.

35
Q

How is a Pyramidal Peak formed?

A

when 3 corries form on all sides of a mountain.

36
Q

How is a Ribbon Lake formed?

A

When the glacier erodes the soft rock in between two parts of hard rock.

37
Q

What is a glacial trough?

A

A valley deepened and widened by Glaciers.

38
Q

What is a Truncated Spur?

A

Interlocking spurs without land that interlocks

39
Q

What is a Hanging Valley?

A

A smaller side valley entering a main valley at high elevation

40
Q

What do contour lines tell us about mountains and hills?

A

It tells us how high/elevated its is.

41
Q

What can a glacial trough also be known as?

A

U-Shaped Valley

42
Q

What is Lateral Moraine?

A

A ridge of material that runs along the sides of glacial troughs.

43
Q

How is Lateral Moraine caused?

A

Freeze-Thaw Weathering

44
Q

What is Ground Moraine?

A

Material which is deposited and lodged under the glacier

45
Q

What does Ground Moraine cover most of today?

A

UK

46
Q

What happens to the Ground Moraine as the Glacier melts?

A

Large amounts are produced

47
Q

What is Medial Moraine?

A

Formed when two lateral moraines merge together.

48
Q

How can you tell there is Medial Moraine?

A

A dark black line through the middle of two joining glaciers. The line shows where they met

49
Q

What is Terminal Moraine?

A

A ridge of material which is bulldozed by the snout of the glacier

50
Q

How does Terminal Moraine help us today?

A

Tells us how far the glaciers advanced in the last Ice Age

51
Q

What is Recessional Moraine?

A

Runs parallel to terminal moraine, marking the retreat of glacier

52
Q

What can Recessional Moraine tell us?

A

Tells us how long the ice has been static

53
Q

What are Drumlins?

A

Steep hills made of glacial till deposited by a moving glacier

54
Q

How are Drumlins created?

A

Deposited glacial till
Heavy ice sheets cause the ground to ripple

55
Q

Where is the Lake District?

A

Northern England

56
Q

What are the economical activities in the Lake Distrcit?

A
  1. Farming
  2. Tourism
  3. Forestry
  4. Quarrying
57
Q

How does tourism help the Lake District? (3 ways)

A
  • Important as jobs are created for locals
  • Attracts people to landscapes creating more economic
    activities
  • Important for economic activities
58
Q

How is Farming used in the Lake District? (2 ways)

A
  • Herdwick sheep farming due to harsh conditions is one of -
    the only animals including cattle –> uses unused landscape
  • Specialist farming increases in price due to limited farming
    of animal. Increases economy.
59
Q

How is Forestry used in the Lake District? (3 ways)

A
  • Uses fast growing conifers which can be used as paper or -
    fuel
  • Wood is also useful for furniture boosting economy
  • Can be used in Bio fuel which is environmentally friendly
60
Q

How many types of rocks are quarried in the Lake District?

A
  1. Slate: Used worldwide for roofing + decorative material
  2. Pennies Limestone: Used in landscaping in gardens
  3. Highland Granite: Used in pavement edges, kitchen surfaces + Rocks in curling

Geography 3rd Form (3 decks)

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