Section A: Health & WellBeing - Genetics Flashcards
Define:
* Positive health
* Negative Health
* Holistic Health
Holistic: combination of positive and negative
1) Looks at how physically and mentally stable a person is.
2) Looks at the absense of physical illness, disease and mental distress.
3) Approach to wellness that addresses the physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual aspects of health.
List the physical aspects of wellbeing
- Sleeping well
- Eating well
- Being physically active
- Having good hygiene
- Getting enough relaxation
List the social aspects of wellbeing
- Being able to manage professional and personal life
- Employment
- Education
- Food insecurity (lack of consistent access to nutritious food)
List the emotional aspects of wellbeing
- Ability to cope with life events
- How we acknowledge our own emotions as well as others
- How we think and feel
- Our sense of wellbeing
Which other factors could affect health and wellbeing?
- Environmental factor
- Housing factor
- Educational factor
Genetic Inheritance
1) What contains in genes that determines characteristics and traits?
2) What makes our body function?
3) What is DNA made up of and what does it carry?
4) Describe the structure of DNA
- Genes contain manuel instructions that determine our traits and characteristics.
- They are the building blocks of protein that makes our body function.
- DNA is made up of genes, where each gene carries the information for a particular character trait.
- A single strand of DNA contains many genes.
Give two ways in which genetic conditions are caused
1) The condition are inherited when two alleles are passed from one parent (if dominant) or both parents (if recessive).
2) Caused by whole chromosome abbnormalities; e.g Down’s Syndrome
How can inherited conditions affect a person’s health and wellbeing?
PIES
Physical - irregualr and abnormal body systems, affecting growth, mobility levels.
Intellectual - hinders learning, lack of concentration, difficult in decision making.
Emotional - low self esteem, lack of confidence, not being able to cope with emotions effectively.
Social - Limited social connections, not being able to interact properly, limited relationships, lack of social activites
1) What is Down’s Syndrome?
2) Other name for this condition
- When babies have an extra copy of one of the chromosomes, 21, which results into 3 copies instead of 2.
- Aka Trisomy 21
1) What causes Down’s Syndrome?
2) What are the symptoms?
1) It’s caused by a random error in cell division, resulting in presence of an extra copy.
In other words: an abnormal cell division during development of egg and sperm cell.
2) Small ears/hands , short neck , flattened face (bridge of the nose is flat) , single line across the palm of hand
1) What is cystic fibrosis?
2) How is it caused and what does it affect?
3) What does it result into?
1) A genetic disorder that primarily affects the lungs and digestive system of a person.
2) It’s caused by a faulty gene, affecting the movement of salt and water in and out of the cells.
3) It results into a sticky mucus in the body’s tubes which is why it mainly affect lungs and digestive system.
List the symptoms of cystic fibrosis
- recurring chest infections
- difficulty putting on weight and growing
- diarrhoea
- shortness of breath, coughing
1) What is sickle cell anemia?
2) How is it caused?
1)A condition where the hemoglobin is abnormal, causing red blood cells to become hard and sticky and look like a C - shaped tooll called ‘sickle’.
2) Caused by a genetic mutation in the hemoglobin gene which affects the structure of the red blood cells; it’s a recessive condition.
Symtpoms of Sickle cell anemia?
- delayed growth/puberty
- frequent infections
- vision problems
- episodes of extreme pains.
