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Principles of Healthcare > Semester 1 Final > Flashcards

Semester 1 Final Flashcards

1
Q

Hippocrates

A

Created the Hippocratic Code
Father of Medicine

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2
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

Encouraged cleanliness for the wounded soldiers during war
Founder of Modern Nursing

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3
Q

Clara Barton

A

Founder of the American Red Cross
Travelled all over the United States helping war victims and continued volunteering with ARC until the end of her life

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4
Q

Dr. Benjamin Carson

A

First neurosurgeon to successfully seperate conjoined twins

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5
Q

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

A

Built microscope
Discovered bacteria and other microscopic organisms
Father of Microbiology

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6
Q

Francis Crick and James Watson

A

Discovered the structure of DNA in 1953
First people to obtain an xray image of DNA

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7
Q

Rene Laennec

A

Invented stethoscope
Father of Pulmonary Diseases

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8
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Developed the Germ Theory
Father of Microbiological Science

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9
Q

4 types of hospitals:

A

1) General hospitals
2) Specialty hospitals
3) Government hospitals
4) University/college hospitals

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10
Q

The US Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)

A

Deals with the health problems in the US and all health problems Americans face

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11
Q

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [USDHHS]

A

Concerned with the causes, spread, and control of diseases in populations (DIVISION OF USDHHS)

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12
Q

National Institute of Health (NIH) [USDHHS]

A

Researches diseases and conducts scientific studies (DIVISION OF THE USDHHS)

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13
Q

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

A

Enforces standards that protect workers from job related inuries and illnesses

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14
Q

Medicare

A

Provides healthcare care for almost all individuals over 65, who have a disability, or have renal kidney disease
[Medicare A and Medicare B]

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15
Q

Medicaid

A

Medical assistance program that is funded by the federal and state governments but operated by individual states; aid people who cannot afford insurance, people with disabilities, etc.

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16
Q

TRICARE

A

US Government health insurance plan for all military personnel during and after serving

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17
Q

Managed Care

A

An approach that developed in response to rising healthcare costs working to maintain quality and cost of healthcare

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18
Q

Deductible

A

Amount that must be paid by the patient for medical services before insurance begins to pay

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19
Q

Premium

A

Fee the individual pays for insurance coverage that comes out of your paycheck

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20
Q

Co-insurance

A

Requires that specific percentages of expenses are shared by the patient and insurance company

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21
Q

Co-payment

A

A specific amount of money a patient pays for a particular service

22
Q

HIPAA

A

Became law in 1996
Grants you consistent healthcare access, portability, and renewability
Prevents healthcare fraud and abuse
Grants patient confidentiality

23
Q

Not for profit agencies

A

Agencies all around the US like American Red Cross, American Heart Association, and American Cancer Society

24
Q

Organizational Structures in Healthcare Facilities

A

Present in every healthcare facility because it gives a visual as to where workers positions are and what people to report to, going down the structure

25
Q

Multi-competent or multi-skilled worker

A

workers are qualified to perform a variety of health care skills, helps save money

26
Q

The communication cycle

A

sender
message
receiver
feedback

27
Q

Common barriers to communication

A

1) physical disabilities
2) psychological attitudes and prejudice
3) cultural diversity
4) aphasia
5) emotions

28
Q

Continuing education units

A

required to renew licenses or maintain certification or registration in many states

29
Q

3 categories of leaders:

A

1) democratic: wants participation and opinions from everyone
2) laissez-faire: sits back and watches you work
3) autocracic: tells you how to work and what to do, do things their way

30
Q

Telemedicine

A

The use of video, audio, and computer systems to provide medical/healthcare services

31
Q

Nervous system that takes control during a stressful situation

A

sypethic nervous system

32
Q

Nervous system that takes control after a stressful situation

A

parasympathetic nervous system

33
Q

4 step process to gain control again after stress

A

1) stop
2) breathe
3) reflect
4) choose

34
Q

Subjective data

A

information that comes from opinions, perceptions, or experiences

35
Q

Objective data

A

information observed through your senses of hearing, sight, smell, and touch while assessing a patient

36
Q

Erikson’s 8 stages of development

A

1) infancy [birth - 1 yr]
2) toddler [1-3 yrs]
3) preschool [3-6 yrs]
4) school age [6-12 yrs]
5) adolescence [12-18 yrs]
6) young adulthood [19-40 yrs]
7) middle adulthood [40-65 yrs]
8) older adulthood [65+ yrs]

37
Q

Piaget’s 4 cognitive development stages

A

1) sensorimotor [birth to 2 yrs]
2) preoperational [2-7 yrs]
3) concrete operational [7-11 yrs]
4) formal operational [11+ yrs]

38
Q

5 stages of grieving

A

1) denial
2) anger
3) bargaining
4) depression
5) acceptance

39
Q

4 direct methods to meet needs

A

1) hard work
2) set realistic goals
3) evaluate the situation
4) cooperate with others

40
Q

defense mechanism

A

an INDIRECT method used to deal with need

41
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy needs

A

1) physiological needs
2) safety and security
3) love and belonging
4) self esteem
5) self actualization

42
Q

endogenous disease

A

disease originated within the body

43
Q

exogenous disease

A

disease originated outside the body

44
Q

RACE acronym

A

Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish

45
Q

PASS acronym

A

Pull the pin
Aim the nozzle
Squeeze the handle
Sweep side to side

46
Q

chain of infection

A

Organism
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Transmission
Portal of entry
Vulnerable host

47
Q

disinfection

A

destroys or kills pathogens

48
Q

sterilization

A

destroys all microorganisms, including spores and viruses

49
Q

Standard precautions

A

used with all patients, as you do not know who has an infection

50
Q

Transmission based precautions

A

Airborne precautions
Droplet precautions
Contact precautions

51
Q

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

A

Gloves
Gowns
Masks/goggles/eye shields

52
Q

3 reasons for high cost of healthcare:

A

1) Technological advances
2) Aging population
3) Health related lawsuits

Principles of Healthcare (4 decks)

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