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Psychology > Sensation / Perception > Flashcards

Sensation / Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Blind spot

A

Back of eye with no receptors

Start

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2
Q

Capsaicin

A

Triggers release of substance P

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3
Q

Cataract

A

Disorder where eyes become cloudy and blurry

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4
Q

Cochlea

A

Shell shape structure that contain receptors for hearing

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5
Q

Conduction deafness

A

When bones connected to the eardrum fail

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6
Q

Cones

A

Receptors adapted for color vision

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7
Q

Convergence

A

eyeballs come together to focus

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8
Q

Cornea

A

Rigid transparent structure on the surface of the eyeball

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9
Q

Cutaneous sensation

A

Sensation on hands and feet

•skin receptors

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10
Q

Dark adaptation

A

Eyeballs adjust from dark to light

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11
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

Color spectrum

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12
Q

Fovea

A

Where most of the cones are congregated

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13
Q

Frequency principle

A

Pitch of sound equals wave frequency

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14
Q

Ganglion cells

A

Received input from bipolar cells

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15
Q

Gate theory

A

Gates in out spinal cords for releasing pain killers

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16
Q

Glaucoma

A

Too much pressure within the eyeball

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17
Q

Hertz ( Hz)

A

Unit of frequency (1cycle per sec)

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18
Q

Absolute sensory threshold

A

Average sensation 50% of the time

  • hear a watch ticking 20 feet away
  • see a candle flame from 50m away at night
  • taste a teaspoon of sugar in 2gallons of h2o
  • feel a need wing from 2mm away
  • smell perfume in a 2 br apt.
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19
Q

Hyperopia

A

Can’t see up close / far sidedness

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20
Q

Induced movement

A

Feeling that an stationary object is moving

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21
Q

Iris

A

Colored part of eye

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22
Q

Lens

A

Part of eye that focuses on an object

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23
Q

Loudness

A

The amplitude of a sound wave

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24
Q

Moon illusion

A

Difference between the size of the moon where it looks bigger.

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25
Q

Motion parallax

A

Where two things close together are moving at different speed.

• in car looking at plane that looks slow

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26
Q

Myopia

A

Can’t see things that are far away /near sidedness

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27
Q

Negative afterimage

A

When you see the opposite color on the color wheel

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28
Q

Nerve deafness

A

Hearing loss due to damage of the cochlea, hair cells and auditory nerve

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29
Q

Olfaction

A

Sense of smell

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30
Q

Opponent process theory

A

Theory of color in terms of the color wheel of paired opposites

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31
Q

Optic nerve

A

Connects the eye to the brain

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32
Q

Phantom limb

A

Continuing sensation of an amputated body part

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33
Q

Pheromone

A

Odorous chemical sent to attract other members of the same species

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34
Q

Pitch

A

Frequency of sound waves

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35
Q

Place principle

A

Identifying pitch by which auditory neurons

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36
Q

Presbyopia

A

(Hyperopia)

The inability to focus on nearby objects

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37
Q

Pupil

A

Opening in the eye through which light enters

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38
Q

Retina

A

Back surface of the eyeball (movie screen / upside down)

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39
Q

Retinal disparity

A

Difference in the angle you are looking at that creates depth perception

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40
Q

Retuned theory

A

Retina works in conjunction with the cerebral cortex

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41
Q

Rods

A

Receptors that are adapted for vision in dim light

42
Q

Sensation

A

The interpretation of conversion of energy from the environment

43
Q

Signal detection theory

A

Study of people’s tendencies to make hits, correct rejections, misses and false alarms

44
Q

Stimuli

A

Energy in the environment that affects what we do

45
Q

Substance P

A

Chemical real eased by the gates on the spinal cord

46
Q

Synesthesia

A

When two senses cross

47
Q

Taste

A

Aka gustation

48
Q

Taste bud

A

Thousands of taste buds located on the folds on the surface of the tounge

49
Q

Trichromatic theory ( young helmholtz theory)

A

Color theory based on the three primary colors

50
Q

Volley principle

A

Groups of hair cells that volley to identify pitch

51
Q

Accommodation

A

Eyeball changes shape in different distances

52
Q

Feature detector

A

Detectors in your eyes responsible for certain simple shapes

53
Q

Endorphins

A

Natural pain killers

54
Q

Papillae

A

Bumps on the tongue where taste buds are located (end)

55
Q

Perception

A

Our interpretation of stimuli

56
Q

Binocular cues

A

Hints about how far away something is using two eyes

57
Q

Brightness contrast

A

Comparing the increase or decrease of brightness

58
Q

Closure

A

Brains ability to complete and incomplete figures

59
Q

Color constancy

A

Objects appear nearly the same color under a variety of light conditions

60
Q

common fate

A

When we assume two things will end up the same

61
Q

Continuation

A

When our brain has a tendency to fill in the gaps

62
Q

Depth perception

A

Perception of distance/ experience the world 3D

63
Q

Figure and ground

A

Clue on how far away something is

64
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

When a whole is greater than the sum of its parts

65
Q

Good figure

A

Brain takes a figure and tries to make it symmetrical

66
Q

Law of pragnanz

A

Take something complicated and simple it down

67
Q

Monocular cues

A

Visual clues that can be perceived in one or more ways

68
Q

Proximity

A

Things are close by to each other so we assume that along to the same group

69
Q

Reversible figure

A

Figured that can be perceived in one or more way

70
Q

Similarity

A

Objects that look alike we group together

71
Q

Stroboscopic perception

A

Illusion of movement created by a rapid succession of stationary images

72
Q

Subliminal perception

A

Influence our behavior even when it is perceived so little on belief

73
Q

Visual constancy

A

Object appears the same even when presented differently

74
Q

Bottom up processing

A

Learning from simple to difficult

75
Q

Computational approach

A

Putting together information from the environment to create a stimulus

76
Q

Optical illusion

A

Misinterpretation of a visual image

77
Q

Waterfall illusion

A

Illusion of water where it looks like it is going up

78
Q

Constructivist approach

A

Using fragments of sensory information

79
Q

Difference threshold

A

AK just noticeable difference/comparing to similar things

80
Q

Linear perspective

A

Two lines appear to converge

81
Q

Looming

A

Angle changes when you get close to an object

82
Q

Parallel distributed processing

A

Looking at two or more aspects of an object

83
Q

Psychophysics

A

field of psychology blended with physics

84
Q

Perceptual organization

A

Determining what stimuli go together to form an object

85
Q

Relative size

A

Depth of larger objects are perceived as closer than smaller ones

86
Q

Response criterion

A

Picking up information from the environment/grow a person uses to decide whether or not to report a stimulus/ how sensitive you are

87
Q

Schemas

A

Mental representation of what we know

88
Q

Supraliminal stimuli

A

Stimuli that is strong enough perceive

89
Q

Texture gradient

A

Closer you the rougher looks, far away smooth

90
Q

Top-down processing

A

Start with hard go to easy

91
Q

Webers law

A

Ratio of two similar stimuli (DB) is less than two nonsimilar stimuli

92
Q

Clairvoyance

A

When you feel something that’s going on somewhere else

93
Q

Extrasensory perception (esp)

A

Any kind of stimulant that can’t be picked up by the five senses

94
Q

Form perception

A

Taking sensations out of the environment to make a pattern.

95
Q

Menal telepathy

A

Ability to send and recieve messages

96
Q

Müeller-lyer illusion

A

>

97
Q

Ponza illusi

A

Railroad picture

98
Q

Precognition

A

Ability to forecast the future

99
Q

Psychokinesis

A

Ability to make ngs move “telekinesis”

100
Q

Shape constancy

A

Perceive objects as the same shape regardless the angle

101
Q

Size constancyh mc

A

You know the size of a person no matter where it is viewed from different size/angle

102
Q

Vestibular sense

A

Detects balance and the direction of tilt and amount of acceleration of the head.

Psychology (8 decks)

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