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2023 SEM 1 ANAPHY (LEC) > Sensory System > Flashcards

Sensory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 basic groups of senses

A

General senses
Special senses

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2
Q

It provide sensory information about the body and the environment

A

Somatic senses

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3
Q

provide information about various internal organs primarily involving pain and pressure

A

Visceral senses

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4
Q

What are the 5 special senses

A

Vision
Smell (olfaction)
Taste
Hearing
Balance

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5
Q

Receptors localized within specific organs

A

Special senses

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6
Q

Receptors distributed over a large part of the body

A

General senses

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7
Q

Somatic senses are located in the

A

Skin
Muscle
Joints

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8
Q

Visceral senses are located in the

A

Internal organs

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9
Q

What are the general senses

A

Touch
Temperature
Pain
Pressure
Proprioception
Vibration
Itch

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10
Q

Visceral senses provide information about various internal organs primarily involving… and ….

A

Pain and pressure

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11
Q

sensory nerve endings or specialized cells capable of responding to stimuli by developing action potentials

A

Sensory receptors

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12
Q

What are the 2 general senses

A

Somatic senses
Visceral senses

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13
Q

What are the 5 sensory receptors

A

Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Photo receptors
Thermoreceptors
Nociceptors

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14
Q

Identify the sensory receptors:
Respond to light

A

Photoreceptors

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15
Q

Identify the sensory receptors:
Respond to temperature changes

A

Thermoreceptors

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16
Q

Identify the sensory receptors:
Respond to stimuli that result in the sensation of pain

A

Nociceptors

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17
Q

Identify the sensory receptors:
Respond to chemicals

A

Chemoreceptors

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18
Q

Identify the sensory receptors:
Respond to mechanical stimuli, such as bending or stretching of receptors

A

Mechanoreceptors

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19
Q

What are the 5 touch receptors (My Matt Hates RP

A

Merkel disks
Missner corpuscles
Hair follicle receptors
Ruffini corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles

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20
Q

Identify the touch receptors:
Light touch and superficial pressure

A

Merkel disks

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21
Q

Identify the touch receptors:
Associated with hairs and involved in detecting light touch (not very discriminative)

A

Hair follicle receptors

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22
Q

Identify the touch receptors:
fine, discriminative touch
Very specific in localizing tactile sensations

A

Meissner corpuscles

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23
Q

Identify the touch receptors:
Continuous pressure in the skin

A

Ruffini corpuscles

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24
Q

Identify the touch receptors:
Deep receptors, associated with tendons and joints

A

Pacinian corpuscles

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25
Q

Identify the touch receptors:
It is located just deep to the epidermis

A

Meissner corpuscles

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26
Q

It is a group of unpleasant perceptual and emotional experiences

A

Pain

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27
Q

Perceived to originate in a region of the body that is not the source of the pain stimulus

A

Referred pain

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28
Q

Referred pain is most commonly sensed when deeper structures such as … are …

A

Such as internal organs
Damaged or inflamed

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29
Q

What is the sensory receptors for taste

A

Chemoreceptors

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30
Q

What is the sensory receptors for vision

A

Photoreceptors

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31
Q

What is the sensory receptors for hearing

A

Mechanoreceptors

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32
Q

What is the sensory receptors for balance

A

Mechanoreceptors

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33
Q

Airborne odorants become dissolved in the mucus on the surface of the epithelium

A

Olfaction

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34
Q

Olfaction is the binding of the odorant to the receptor that initiates

A

Action potential

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35
Q

It is the sensory structure that detect taste stimuli

A

Taste buds

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36
Q

Where is the taste buds located at

A

Located on the surface of the tongue (papillae)

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37
Q

What are the 5 basic type of taste sensations

A

Sweet
Sour
Salty
Bitter
Umami (savory)

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38
Q

What are the three cranial nerves that taste sensations are carried to the brain

A

Facial nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve

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39
Q

Identify the cranial nerve:
It is the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

A

Facial nerve

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40
Q

Identify the cranial nerve:
Posterior one-third

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

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41
Q

Identify the cranial nerve:
Root of the tongue

A

Vagus nerve

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42
Q

It is distributed all throughout your body

A

Free nerve endings

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43
Q

It can respond to stimuli

A

Free nerve endings

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44
Q

It responds to decreasing temp but stops at 12°C

A

Cold receptors

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45
Q

It responds to increasing temp but stops at 47°C

A

Warm receptors

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46
Q

Cold Receptors respond to decreasing temperature but stops at

A

12°

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47
Q

Warm Receptors respond to increasing temperature but stops at

A

47°

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48
Q

What are the 2 types of pain

A

Localized
Diffuse

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49
Q

Identify the type of pain:
• sharp, pricking, cutting pain
• rapid action potential

A

Localized

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50
Q

Identify the type of pain:
• burning, aching pain
• slower action potentials

A

Diffuse

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51
Q

What are the 2 pain control

A

Local anesthesia
General anesthesia

52
Q

Identify the pain control:
• action potentials suppressed from pain receptors in local areas
• chemicals are injected near sensory nerve

A

Local anestheti

53
Q

Identify the pain control:
• loss of consciousness
• chemicals affect reticular formation

A

General anesthesia

54
Q

How many can we detect diff smells

A

10 000

55
Q

It is the sense smell

A

Olfaction

56
Q

What is the sensory receptor for smell

A

Chemoreceptors

57
Q

Nasal cavity contains ____ where odors become dissolved

A

A thin film of mucous

58
Q

Olfactory neurons are located in …

A

Mucous

59
Q

It is the olfactory neurons that are enlarged and contains cilia

A

Dendrites

60
Q

It pick up odor, depolarize, and carry odor to axons in olfactory bulb

A

Dendrites

61
Q

It is found in the frontal and temporal lobes process odor

A

Olfactory cortex

62
Q

How many taste cells are in the taste buds

A

40

63
Q

Each taste cell has taste _____ that extends into taste ____

A

Hairs
Pores

64
Q

Taste buds pick up taste and send it to the ….

A

Taste cells

65
Q

Taste cells send taste to …

A

Taste hairs

66
Q

How does taste works?

A
  1. Taste buds pick up taste and send it to taste cells.
  2. Taste cells send taste to taste hairs.
  3. Taste hairs contain receptors that initiate an action potential which is carried to parietal lobe.
  4. Brain processes taste.
67
Q

Taste is also linked to ….

A

Smell

68
Q

Identify the accessory structure of vision:
It protects from sweat and shade from the sun

A

Eyebrow

69
Q

Identify the accessory structure of vision:
It protects from foreign objects and lubricating blinking

A

Eyelid /eyelashes

70
Q

How many times do we blink per minute

A

20 times

71
Q

Point to your medial angle of eye and lateral angle of eye

A

-

72
Q

it is a thin membrane that covers inner surface of eyelid

A

Conjunctiva

73
Q

It lubricates the eyes

A

Conjunctiva

74
Q

Lacrimal glands produce

A

Tears

75
Q

What are the 3 lacrimal apparatus

A

Lacrimal gland
Lacrimal canaliculi
Lacrimal sac

76
Q

Identify the type of lacrimal apparatus:
Small duct that collects excess tears

A

Lacrimal canaliculi

77
Q

Identify the type of lacrimal apparatus:
It is the enlargement of the nasolacrimal duct

A

Lacrimal sac

78
Q

It helps move eyeball

A

Extrinsic eye muscle

79
Q

What are the 4 recuts muscle of the eye

A

Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Lateral rectus
Medial rectus

80
Q

What are the 2 oblique muscles of the eye

A

Superior oblique
Inferior oblique

81
Q

How many layers of tunic are there in the eye

A

3

82
Q

What are the 3 tunic
Name them from the outermost layer

A

Fibrous tunic
Vascular tunic
Nervous tunic

83
Q

• firm, white outer part
• helps maintain eye shape, provides attachment sites, protects internal structures

A

Sclera

84
Q

“White of the eye”

A

Sclera

85
Q

It is the transparent structure that covers iris and pupil

A

Cornea

86
Q

Cornea allows light to ____ and ____ light

A

Enter
Focuses

87
Q

It is the middle layer Tunis and contains blood vessels

A

Vascular tunic

88
Q

Identify the parts in vascular tunic:
• black part (melanin)
• delivers O2 and nutrients to retina

A

Choroid

89
Q

Identify the parts in vascular tunic:
Helps hold lens in place

A

Ciliary body
Suspensory ligaments

90
Q

Identify the parts in vascular tunic:
Flexible disk
Focuses light onto retina

A

Lens

91
Q

Choroid delivers O2 and nutrients to the …

A

Retina

92
Q

Identify the parts in vascular tunic:
It is the colored part and
surrounds and regulates the pupil

A

Iris

93
Q

Identify the parts in vascular tunic:
It regulates the amount of light entering

A

Pupil

94
Q

In pupil,
If there is lots of light =
If there is little light =

A

Constricted
Dilated

95
Q

It is the Innermost tunic

A

Nervous Tunic

96
Q

It covers posterior 5/6 of eye

A

Retina

97
Q

What are the 2layers of retina

A

Pigmented retina
Sensory retina

98
Q

Identify the retina:
• outer layer
• keeps light from reflecting back in eye

A

Pigmented retina

99
Q

Identify the retina:
• contains photoreceptors (rods and cones)
• contains interneurons

A

Sensory retina

100
Q

Name the part of the nervous tunic:
Photoreceptors sensitive to light

A

Rods

101
Q

Name the part of the nervous tunic:
photoreceptors provide color vision

A

Cones

102
Q

Name the part of the nervous tunic:
Can function in dim light -
Require more light -

A

Rods
Cones

103
Q

Name the part of nervous tunic:
Photosensitive pigment in rod cells

A

Rhodopsin

104
Q

Rhodopsin consists of…

A

Opsin and retinal

105
Q

It is the colorless protein in rhodopsin

A

Opsin

106
Q

It is the yellow pigment in rhodopsin and requires vitamin A

A

Retinal

107
Q

How many externals eye muscles attached to its surface

A

6

108
Q

Extrinsic eye muscle is responsible for the movement of

A

Each eyeball

109
Q

Blind spot of the eye

A

Optic discs

110
Q

It is the spot just medial to the macula through which a number of blood vessels enter the eye and spread over the surface of the retina

A

Optic disc

111
Q

It is the absence of perception of one or more of perception of one or more color

A

Color blindness

112
Q

Color blindness occur more frequently in males or females

A

Males

113
Q

It is the misalignment of the two eyes

A

Diplopia/ double vision

114
Q

Diplopia results from the weakness of the ____ moving the eyes

A

Muscles

115
Q

Identify the part of area of the ear:
part extending from the outside of the head to the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

A

External ear

116
Q

Identify the part of area of the ear:
air-filled chamber medial to the tympanic membrane

A

Middle ear

117
Q

Identify the part of area of the ear:

A

Inner ear

118
Q

It is the fleshy part of the external ear on the outside of the head

A

Auricle

119
Q

The external ear collects sound wave and directs them toward the …

A

External auditory canal

120
Q

Identify the disease/ disorders:
Type of conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia, leading cause of infectious blindness in the world, transmitted by contact or flies

A

Trachoma

121
Q

Identify the disease/ disorders:
Infection of eyelash hair follicle

A

Stye

122
Q

Identify the disease/ disorders:
Nearsightedness- able to see close but not far

A

Myopia

123
Q

Identify the disease/ disorders:
Farsightedness - able to see far but not near

A

Hyperopia

124
Q

Identify the disease/ disorders:
Cornea or lens is not uniformly curved, so image is not sharply focused

A

Astigmatism

125
Q

Identify the disease/ disorders:
One or both eye is misdirected. Results from weak eye muscles

A

Strabismus

126
Q

Identify the disease/ disorders:
Phantom sound sensation, such as ringing in ears

A

Tinnitus

127
Q

Identify the disease/ disorders:
Vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus and a feeling of fullness in the affected ear

A

Meniere disease

2023 SEM 1 ANAPHY (LEC) (15 decks)

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