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Reproduction > Session 2 - Anatomy Of The Female > Flashcards

Session 2 - Anatomy Of The Female Flashcards

1
Q

Why do females get a sharp pain at ovulation

Where would the pain be felt

A

Due to follicles being released and rupturing through ovarian capsule

Iliac fossa

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2
Q

Why is being a virgin harmful

A

Every time follicle ruptures damage is sustained to capsule leading to mitosis and incr chance of mutations creeping into ovarian capsule / being produced

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3
Q

How might a patient with ovarian cysts present

A

Pain, bloating

Chance of torsion is cyst is big with excruciating pain

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4
Q

Describe the epithelial layers of the cervix

A

Inside is columnar epithelium
Outside is stratified squamous

Can turn inside out - normal (cervical ectropian)

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5
Q

What is the transformation zone and why is it clinically important

A

Where epithelium changes

Important cuz malignant changes can occur here (metaplasia neoplasia HPV etc)

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6
Q

How does the uterus expand as the foetus grows

A

Eventually the fundus touches the transverse colon

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7
Q

What are some symptoms pregnant ladies may complain of and why

A

Gastro oesophageal reflux due to compression

Constipation and frequent urination due to compression of rectum and bladder

Ligaments of uterus can stretch and cause pain

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8
Q

What do the ampulla and fibrae do

A

Ampulla where fertilisation occur

Fibrae is spiky bit that holds onto the ovary

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9
Q

What kind of cells are found in the Fallopian tubes

A

Ciliated and secretory to help support egg and sperm

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10
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy and why is it fatal

List symptom

A

Where the egg implants in the Fallopian tube instead of the uterus due to many factors including fallopian narrowing (scar tissue)

Catastrophic hemoraging occur due to BV destruction

Acute abdominal pain - this is why you always ask for preg test for women coming in with this

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11
Q

What are the 2 pouches of the female reproductive anatomy and name them

A

Recto uterine pouch (between rectum and uterus)

Vesicouterine pouch (between bladder and uterus)

Common space for bacteria to be collected

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12
Q

Describe the different ligaments of the system

What goes through the broad ligament

A

Broad - folded piece of peritoneum which encases most of the ovaries and Fallopian tubes to attach the uterus to the pelvic side walls (round, uterine vessels , lymphatic, nerves and ovarian ligament run through this)

Round - attaches the uterus to the labia majors by going through the deep inguinal canal like the spermatic cord

Suspensory- from abdomen to ovaries and tents up peritoneum to allow neurovasculature to exit and enter (ovarian artery and vein)

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13
Q

Where do the vessels of the ovary go/leave

A

Through suspensory ligament

Uterine artery ones along base of broad ligament

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14
Q

Where does the uterine and ovarian arteries arise from

A

Uterine arise form internal iliac whereas the ovarian arise from the abdominal aorta below renal

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15
Q

Look at pics for anatomy of meso SVM

A

K

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16
Q

Describe the different positions of the vagina, cervix and uterus in relation to each other

A

Axis of cervix to uterus below 180 degrees is considered normal- antiflexion

More than 180- retroflexion

Angle of vagina to cervix below 180 too- antiverted

More than 180 - retroverted

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17
Q

What is the most common type of uterus vaginal position

A

Antiverted

Antiflexed

18
Q

How is anteversion anteflexion maintained

A

The round ligament is attached at the fundus to help pull it anteriorly keeping its structure

19
Q

Describe the micro anatomy of the vagina including epithelium

A

Strat squamous epi

Glycogen in vagina metabolised by bacteria to convert to lactic acid makes vaginal ph low

20
Q

What happens if vaginal ph gets messed up

A

Thrush (overgrowth of bacteria)

21
Q

What is analogous to the testis

A

Ovaries

22
Q

What are the ovaries enclosed in

A

Parietal peritoneum

23
Q

What does FSH do

A

Stimulate production of a primary follicle which will then mature to release an ovum

24
Q

Where are ovarian cysts usually derived from

A

Follicles

25
Q

Where do ovarian tumours arise from

A

Germ cells

26
Q

What does the suspensory ligament allow the passage of

A

Ovarian artery and vein

27
Q

Where do the ovarian arteries and vein come form

A

Artery from AA

Vein drain same as testis (left into renal vein)

28
Q

Where does fertilisation occur

A

Fallopian tubes

29
Q

What is the purpose of fimbraie

A

Since reproductive tract opens into peritoneal cavity the fimbraie catch the ovum in the cavity and channel it to the infundibulum, them ampulla

30
Q

Where is the most common site for fertilisation

A

Ampulla

31
Q

Why is it dangerous if the Fallopian tubes become filled with scar tissue etc or narrowed

What are Fallopian tubes lined with

A

Because ovum cannot travel to uterus leading to interfility, scarring can also lead to ectopic pregnancy plantation

Cilia

32
Q

What can the broad ligament be subdivided into and where are they

A

Mesosalphinx - around Fallopian
Mesovarium - surrounding ovary
Mesometrium - between pelvic wall and uterus

33
Q

Where does the uterine artery originate from and run

A

Internal iliac artery

Run between broad lig layers

34
Q

Describe anatomical locations when it comes to the uterus and their associated pouches

Why are the pouches clinically important

A

Bladder is anterior to the uterus whilst the rectum is posterior

Vesicouterine between uterus and bladder
Rectouterine between rectum and uterus

Site of fluid collection in bleeding or infection

35
Q

What is the uterus internally composed of

A 
Smooth muscle (myometrium) 
Endometrium (epi layer of simple columnar epithelium)
36
Q

What is endometriosis

Symptoms

A

Condition where ectopic endometrial tissue dispersed among peritoneal cavity

Severe period pain, infertility

37
Q

What is the external and internal os

A

Openings to vagina (external)

Opening of uterus to cervix (internal)

38
Q

What is the cervix lined with and what ones it produce

A

Simple columnar epithelium that produce cervical mucus which change pH to help facilitate or prevent sperm entry

39
Q

What is the vagina lined with

A

Strat squamous epithelium

40
Q

What natural flora component of the vagina he,ps regulate ph and keep environment acidic to prevent thrush

A

Lactobacillus

Reproduction (3 decks)

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