Session 5 Flashcards
What are health related behaviours?
Anything that may promote good health or lead to illness. E.g. Smoking, diet, exercise, safe sex, screening, alcohol
What is the relevance of health related behaviours?
> 1/3 of all disease burden in developed world is caused by tobacco, alcohol, BP, cholesterol and obesity.
What are the theories to help understand people’s health related behaviours?
Learning theories: classical conditioning, operant conditioning, social learning theory
Social cognition models: health belief model, theory of planned behaviour
Stages of change model (transtheoretical model)
What is classical conditioning?
Behaviours such as smoking/drinking can become unconsciously paired with environment (e.g. Work break) or emotions (e.g. Anxiety). Behaviour becomes habit.
Give an example of how classical conditioning can be used the change health related behaviour
Pairing nausea medication with alcohol
What is operant conditioning?
Behaviour is reinforced with rewards/punishment. Unhealthy behaviours are often immediately rewarding.
Give an example of how operant conditioning can be used the change health related behaviour
Stopping smoking to save money for a holiday
What are the limitations of conditioning theories?
Based on simple stimulus-response associations. No account of cognitive processes, knowledge, beliefs, memory etc
What is the social learning theory?
People learn vicariously (through others) by seeing what is rewarded/punished. Modelling is more effective if models are high status or like us.
What are the limitations of the health belief model?
Emotional factors
Habits
Often consequences only thought of after
Incomplete (ignores behaviour of others)
What is the theory of planned behaviour good and bad for?
Good predictor of intentions, bad predictor of behaviour. Problem is translating intentions into behaviour.
What is the stages of change model?
5 stages people may pass through when making a decision/change. (Cycle) Pre contemplation (not yet worried) -> contemplation (not yet committed) ->preparation (think about how) -> action -> maintenance -> relapse
What are the main impact of non adherence?
Patients health
Financial implication
What are ways in which adherence can be measured?
Direct - urine/blood test or observation. Expensive.
Indirect - pill counts (could be lost pills), recording when container opened, patient self report (tends to over report)
What are contributing factors to adherence?
Patient - understanding, recall, beliefs Treatment Illness - adhere better when symptomatic Phychosocial - health and social support Doctor patient interaction
