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Respiratory quiz study > Session 7 Physical Principles of Gas Exchange > Flashcards

Session 7 Physical Principles of Gas Exchange Flashcards

1
Q

Room air gasses and percentages

A

Oxygen 21%

Nitrogen 79%

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2
Q

What type of energy provides the source for the diffusion process

A

Kinetic Energy

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3
Q

Movement of gas in one direction is the effect of…

A

concentration gradient

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4
Q

Rate of diffusion is dependent on _________.

A

pressure

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5
Q

total pressure commonly used

A 
1 atmosphere (weight of a column of air a mile high)
760 mmHg
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6
Q

The colder the liquid the ________ gas it can absorb.

A

more

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7
Q

Henry’s Law

A

solubility of a gas in a liquid depends on temperature, the partial pressure of the gas over the liquid, the nature of the solvent, and the nature of the gas.

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8
Q

Carbon dioxide is ____________more soluble than oxygen.

A

20 times

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9
Q

Rate of net diffusion os determined by

A

difference of partial pressures (pp)

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10
Q

If pp of gas in alveoli > blood then gas moves into ________.

A

blood

oxygen

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11
Q

If pp of gas in blood > alveoli then gas moves into

A

alveoli

Carbon Dioxide

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12
Q

Partial pressure of water escaping surface into gas phase = vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is _______ when a gas mixture is fully humidified at 37degrees C

A

47 mmHg

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13
Q

With vapor pressure considered, what is the remaining total pressure of gases in the air?

A

713 mmHg

760 mmHg - 47 mmHg (vapor pressure)

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14
Q

What factors affect gas diffusion rates in fluids?

A 
Pressure differences
Gas solubility in fluid
area of fluid
distance which gas must diffuse
molecular weight of gas
Temperature of fluid (constant in body)
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15
Q

D is directly proportional to

A

solubility

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16
Q

D is inversely proportional to

A

the square root of the gas’ molecular weight

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17
Q

Rate of gas movement into tissues is limited by diffusion rate of gas through _________.

A

tissue water

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18
Q

How much alveolar air is replaced per breath?

A

350 ml

19
Q

FRC is roughly how many ml?

A

2500 ml

(Each breath replaces a seventh of the FRC

20
Q

Normal Alveolar PO2 is

A

100 mmHg

21
Q

Normal Alveolar PCO2 is

A

40 mmHg

22
Q

What affects alveolar PO2?

A

rate of ventilation
oxygen pressure
exercise

23
Q

Expired air is a combination of

A

Dead space

Alveolar air

24
Q

Alveolar air is expired at _____________.

A

end exhalation

25
Q

Overall thickness of respiratory membrane?

A

0.6 micrometers

26
Q

Total surface area of respiratory membrane

A

70 square meters

27
Q

Fick’s Law

A

Diff. = (A * change pp * D)/T
A is cross sectional area of membrane
change pp = the driving pressure (partial pressure difference
D is the gas coefficient
T is the tissue thickness or length through membrane

28
Q

With regard to surface area, Emphysema causes the dissolution of many alveolar walls to coalesce alveoli into larger chambers. This can decrease surface area as much as __________. Does this increase or decrease the diffusion rate?

A

5 fold

decreases (r/t decreased surface area on which to diffuse)

29
Q

CO2 diffuses _______ than oxygen.

A

20 times faster

30
Q

Oxygen diffuses __________ as nitrogen

A

twice as fast

31
Q

Diffusion Coefficient is affected by

A

Solubility

molecular weight

32
Q

Diffusion capacity deals with

A

how easily a gas can move across a membrane in quantitative terms.

33
Q

Oxygen diffusion capacity during exercise is increased r/t several factors:

A

Recruitment of capillary fields

Better ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) match (All Zone 3)

34
Q

CO2 has ___________ concentration differences between blood and alveoli.

A 
minimal
very soluble
difficult to measure CO2 diffusion capacity
Alveoli - 40 mmHg
Blood - 46 mmHg
35
Q

When ventilation = zero but perfusion is present, what is the V/Q

A

Zero

blockage in airway

36
Q

If ventilation present but no perfusion, then V/Q=

A

infinity

ex: pulmonary embolism

37
Q

If V/Q is either zero or infinity, there is _______ exchange of gases

A

no exchange of gases

38
Q

In normal deoxygenated blood, the PO2 is____ and the PCO2 is _____.

A 
PO2 = 40 mmHg
PCO2 = 45 mmHg
39
Q

PP of gases in the Alveoli ___________ the PP of gases in the pulmonary vein

A

exactly match

100mmHg PaO2, 40 mmHg PaCO2

40
Q

Shunt

A

perfusion without ventilation

V/Q is below normal

41
Q

Shunt blood is/is not oxygenated?

A

is not oxygenated

42
Q

Physiologic shunt is

A

total amount of shunted blood per minute

43
Q

Physiologic dead space

A 
V/Q is greater than normal
Ventilation but no perfusion
wasted ventilation
anatomical dead space
(ventilated air does not reach blood)
has to do with embolism in pulmonary circulation

Respiratory quiz study (2 decks)

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