Set 3 Flashcards
Which muscle are superficial to the proximal long head biceps myotendinous junction:
- Deltoid (most superficial)
- Pectoralis major
Conjoined tendon originating on coracoid process includes:
- Short head biceps brachii
- Coracobrachialis
Anterior and posterior portions of the bicipital groove:
- Anterior—lesser tuberosity
- Posterior—greater tuberosity
Borders of quadrangular space and structures that pass through the space:
- Superior—teres minor
- Medial border—long head of triceps
- Lateral border—shaft of humerus
- Inferior border—teres major
- Structures—
- axillary nerve
- posterior circumflex humeral artery
- vein
Borders of the rotator interval (reflection pulley complex) and structure that passes through the rotator interval:
- Anterior—subscapularis
- Posterior—supraspinatus
- Base—coracoid process
- Apex—transverse humeral ligament
- Roof—coracohumeral ligament
- Floor—superior glenohumeral ligament
- Structure—long head of biceps tendon
Joints of the shoulder include:
- Glenohumeral joint
- Sternoclavicular joint
- Acromioclavicular joint
- Scapulothoracic joint (not a true synovial joint)
Static stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint include:
- Glenohumeral ligaments
- Glenoid labrum
- Joint capsule
Dynamic stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint include:
- Rotator cuff
- Long head biceps
- Other muscles attached to shoulder
Describe suprascapular nerve impingement:
- Impingement at suprascapular notch results in weakness of both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus.
- Impingement at the spinoglenoid notch results in weakness of only the infraspinatus.
What is the primary action of the 4 rotator cuff muscles:
- Subscapularis—internal rotation
- Supraspinatus—abduction
- Infraspinatus—external rotation
- Teres minor—external rotation
Describe the anatomy of the radial nerve at the elbow:
- Radial nerve located between the brachialis and brachioradialis at the anterolateral aspect of the elbow.
- At the level of the elbow joint, the radial nerve splits into the deep radial nerve (motor) and the superficial radial nerve (sensory).
- The deep radial nerve becomes the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) as it enters the supinator muscle at the arcade of Frohse
Describe supinator syndrome:
- Compressive neuropathy of the posterior interosseousnerve (branch of deep radial nerve) at the arcade of Frohse (superior aspect of supinator muscle).
- Motor deficits—extensor muscle weakness of the forearm and hand (wrist drop).
- Sensory deficits—none (PIN is purely motor).
Where can the musculocutaneous neve be found at the elbow:
Anterior aspect of the distal humerus between the brachialis and biceps brachii muscles
Describe pronator syndrome:
- Compressive neuropathy of the median nerve at the level of the elbow between the 2 heads of the pronator teres muscle.
- Motor deficits—weakness of flexor muscles for the forearm and hand.
- Sensory deficits—paresthesias of volar forearm and hand (medial 4 ½ digits).
Describe cubital tunnel syndrome:
- Compressive neuropathy of the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel at the posteromedial aspect of the elbow.
- The cubital tunnel is formed by:
- the medial epicondyle of the humerus
- the olecranon process of the ulna
- the tendinous arch joining the humeral and ulnar heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.
- Motor deficits—weakness of intrinsic muscles in the hand and ulnar half of FDP.
- Sensory deficits—paresthesias of the ulnar aspect of the forearm and hand (ulnar 1 ½ digits).
Draw the coracoacromial arch:
Draw the path of the suprascapular nerve and muscles innervated:
Draw an articular side partial thickness supraspinatus tear (longitudinal):
Draw a bursal side partial thickness supraspinatus tear (longitudinal):
