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ANTHROPOLOGY > Sex, Marriage & Family > Flashcards

Sex, Marriage & Family Flashcards

1
Q

A culturally sanctioned union between two or more people that establishes certain rights and obligations between the people. These rights most often include; sex, labor, property, child rearing, exchange and status.

A

Marriage (Anthropologist)

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2
Q

A legal union of a man and woman.

A

Marriage (Dictionary)

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3
Q

The prohibition of sexual relations between certain individuals; most often a parent, child & sibling.

A

Incest Taboo

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4
Q

The practice of marriage within a particular groups of individuals. ex: cousins, in-laws, groups.

A

Endogamy

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5
Q

The practice of marriage outside of group. ex: anyone not of blood/genetic relation.

A

Exogamy

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6
Q

The practice of each spouse only having one partner (each other).

A

Monogamy

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7
Q

High rates of divorce and the practice of marriage repeatedly.

A

Serial Monogamy

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8
Q

One individual having multiple spouses at the same time.

A

Polygamy

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9
Q

A marriage of a man to two or more women.

A

Polygyny

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10
Q

The marriage of a woman to two or more men. A form of polygamy that is rare but does exist.

A

Polyandry

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11
Q

Legal marriage between two people.

A

Bigamy

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12
Q

“Open Marriage” (sexual access).

A

Polyamory

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13
Q

Extremely rare but does occur in which several men & women have sexual access to one another. Creates mutual aid & support in todays society it is similar to the practice of “swinging.” (seen with Eskimos in Alaska)

A

Group Marriage

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14
Q

In many societies such as India, Middle East, Asia spouses are chosen by parents, aunts, uncles, grandparents. Traditionally little to no choice was left to the individual getting married, although this changing and many now voice an opinion to their parents suggestion.

A

Arranged Marriage

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15
Q

A type of marriage between cousins which is prohibited in certain societies but preferred in others. Societies that favor this traditionally are the Arabs, Israelites, Greeks.

A

Cousin-Marriage

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16
Q

Child of a fathers brother or a mothers sister. ex. Raad-Jonny (Jonathon) Sana-Sahar (Allen)

A

Parallel Cousin

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17
Q

Child of a mothers brother and a fathers sister. ex: Raad-Amera (Alex) Sana-Sarmad

A

Cross Cousin

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18
Q

Compensation the groom or his family pays to the brides family upon marriage. Not to be viewed as the buying and selling of brides or women. Money may be used for an elaborate wedding, an honorary gift.

A

Bride-price

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19
Q

A set amount of time in which the groom will work for the brides family after marriage.

A

Bride-service

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20
Q

Payment of a womans inheritance after marriage. This will ensure a womans support in cases of widowhood, divorce, raises womans social status if she has a large dowry, protects her if she may not bear any children.

A

Dowry

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21
Q

Two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption. Forms can vary with society and circumstances.

A

Family

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22
Q

A family established through marriage. Most family are established through marriage and are therefore conjugal families. ex: friends.

A

Conjugal Family

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23
Q

Defined by the residential unit where economic, consumption, child rearing, shelter are carried out or your home.

A

Household

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24
Q

The smallest family unit usually consisting of parents or parent and offspring. This may include step-parents as well as adopted children.

A

Nuclear Family

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25
Q

Closely related nuclear families in one large domestic group. Commonly seen in farming and pastoral groups.

A

Extended Family

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26
Q

2 or ore people related by blood, marriage, or adoption. Forms vary with society and circumstances.

A

Family

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27
Q

Family established through marriage. Most families are established through marriage and are therefore conjugal families.

A

Conjugal Family

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28
Q

Residential unit where economic, consumption, child rearing, shelter are carried our or your home.

A

Household

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29
Q

Smallest family unit usually consisting of parents or parent and offspring. This may also include step-parents and adopted.

A

Nuclear Family

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30
Q

Closely related nuclear families in one large domestic group. Commonly seen in farming and pastoral groups.

A

Extended Family

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31
Q

A kind of kinship group in which being in the direct line of descent from a real or mythical ancestor is a criterion of membership.

A

Descent Groups

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32
Q

Descent that establishes group membership through either the mother’s or the father’s line.

A

Unilineal Descent

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33
Q

(Our Society) Tracing equally through mother and father.

A

Bi-lateral

34
Q

A unilineal kinship group descended from a common ancestor or founder who lived four to six generations ago, and in which relationships among members can be stated genealogically.

A

Lineage

35
Q

An extended unilineal kinship group, often consisting of several lineages, whose member claim common descent from a remote ancestor, usually legendary or mythological.

A

Clan

36
Q

A unilineal descent composed of two or more clans that claim to be of common ancestry. If only two such groups exist, each is moiety.

A

Phratry

37
Q

Each group that results from a division of a society into two halves on the basis of descent.

A

Moiety

38
Q

System of Kinship terminology, also called lineal system, that emphasizes the nuclear family by specifically identifying the mother, father, brother and sister, while lumping together all other relatives into broad categories such as uncle, aunt, and cousin.

A

Eskimo System

39
Q

Kinship in which all relatives of the same sex and generation are referred to by the same term.

A

Hawaiian System

40
Q

Kinship terminology where in a father and fathers brother are given a single term as are a mother and mothers sister but a fathers sister and and mothers brother are given a separate terms.
Parallel cousins are classified with brothers and sisters while cross cousins are classified separately but are not equated with relatives of some other generation.

A

Iroquois System

41
Q

Is known as the ability of individuals or groups to impose their will upon others and make them do things even against their own wants or wishes.

A

Power

42
Q

Is the process determining who gets what, when and how.

A

Politics

43
Q

Is the way the power is distributed and embedded in society; the means by which a society creates and maintains social order.

A

Political Organization

44
Q

BANDS—-TRIBES

A

Uncentralized System

45
Q

CHIEFDOMS—STATES

A

Centralized Systems

46
Q

Small group of loosely organized kin-ordered group that inhabits a specific territory and that may split periodically into smaller extended family groups that are politically independent.

A

Bands

47
Q

Refer to a range of kin-ordered groups that are politically integrated by some unifying factor and whole members share a common ancestry, identity, culture, language, and territory.

A

Tribes

48
Q

Is a regional polity in which two or more local groups are organized under a single chief, who is at the head of a ranked hierarchy of people.

A

Chiefdom

49
Q

Is a centralized polity involving large numbers of people within a defined territory who are divided into social classes and organized and directed by a formal government that has the capacity and authority to make laws and use force to defind social order.

A

State

50
Q

A person’s capacity to manage her or his spontaneous feelings, retraining impulsive behavior.

A

Self Control

51
Q

Forced government control.

A

Social Control

52
Q

Control through beliefs and values that are deeply ingrained in the minds of each member of the culture.

A

Cultural Control

53
Q

A collective body of ideas that members of a culture share concerning the ultimate shape of substance of their reality.

A

World View

54
Q

Organized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere or the supernatural. Often associated with ceremonial practices.

A

Religion

55
Q

Concerned with the sacred, as distinguished from material matters. Often individual and not concerned with traditional organization.

A

Spirituality

56
Q

Edward B. Tylor: Thought to be the earliest form of religion. A way for people to understand dreams, trances, and phenomena that they experienced upon waking up. Led to the belief that people have two entities that inhabit the body both when awake and then one when asleep. When both leave the body the person then dies.

A

Animism

57
Q

Each person functions as their own specialist without need of religious specialists.

A

Individualistic

58
Q

Can range in complexity and include a variety of rituals, practices, and ideas.

A

Indigenous religions

59
Q

Religious division of labor: part-time specialists reach shaman power through experience, elected, or training.

A

Shamanic

60
Q

Elected persons handling religious rituals for special persons (age, secret societies kinship groups).

A

Communal

61
Q

Professional religious clergy is formally elected. (monotheistic or polytheistic)

A

Ecclesiastical

62
Q

Belief that nature is enlivened or energized by an impersonal spiritual power or supernatural potency.

A

Animatism

63
Q

generally refers to techniques that are intended to accomplish specific aims or goals. May include spells, formulas, and incantations.

A

Magic

64
Q

Whatever is done to an object is believed to affect the person who has contact with it. Use of nails or hair from people for spells.

A

Contagious Magic

65
Q

Producing a desired effect by the imitation of it. Voodoo dolls.

A

Imitative Magic

66
Q

An explanation of events on the belief that certain individuals’ posses an innate psychic power capable of causing harm. Sickness. Death.

A

Witchcraft

67
Q

Full time specialist formally recognized for his/her role in the guidance of others in religious practices. May also contact or influence supernatural powers.

A

Priest/Priestess

68
Q

Part time specialist who may enter an altered state through trance (usually drug induced) to contact and utilize an ordinarily hidden reality in order to gain knowledge, power, or to help others.

A

Shamans

69
Q

Is rooted in the alter-state of consciousness in order to become a shaman one must be able to receive visions in an altered state.

A

Shamanism

70
Q

Formal, stylized, repetitive in nature. Performed in sacred places and at set times.

A

Rituals

71
Q

Rituals that mark important stages in an individuals life cycle. Birth, marriage, death.

A

Rites of Passage

72
Q

The ritual removal of the individual from society.

A

Separation

73
Q

Isolation of the individual following the separation and before the incorporation into society.

A

Transition

74
Q

Incorporation of individual into the society in his/her new stats.

A

Incorporation

75
Q

Social movements that occur in times of change. religious leaders will emerge and alter or revitalize a society.

A

Revitalization Movements

76
Q

How alcohol is not to be abused.

A

Temperance

77
Q

Cease bickering and become unified to approach larger society.

A

Peace and Social Unity

78
Q

Trading for profit is not allowed, however, learning English was favored.

A

Proacculturation

79
Q

Not allowing land sale to non-Seneca.

A

Preservation of Tribal Lands

80
Q

Husbands and wives are not to cheat, sons will obey fathers, and mothers will not interfere with daughter marriages.

A

Domestic Morality

81
Q

Type of revitalization movement that may occur when natives are in contact with industrial societies but are lacking their wealth. An attempt to explain European domination.

A

Cargo Cults

ANTHROPOLOGY (3 decks)

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