sexual reproduction in humans

Question 1

male gametes

Answer 1

sperm cells

Question 2

female gametes

Answer 2

egg cells

Question 3

during ovulation

Answer 3

an egg moves into the oviduct

Question 4

sperm cells are adapted by

Answer 4

• flagellum (a tail)
• contains enzymes in the head

Question 5

egg cells are adapted by

Answer 5

• cytoplasm contains energy
• jelly like coating that changes after fertilisation

Question 6

disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 6

• takes energy and time to find a mate
• difficult for isolated members of the species to reproduce

Question 7

advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 7

• increases genetic variation
  —> disease is less likely to affect the population

Question 8

what is sexual reproduction?

Answer 8

• type of reproduction involving two parents
• involves the production of gametes by meiosis
• a gamete from each parents fuses to form a zygote
• genetic information mixes so each zygote is unique

Question 9

What does haploid mean

Answer 9

Half the number of chromosomes as a normal cell - a gamete has this

Question 10

name the four hormones involved in the menstrual cycle

Answer 10

• FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
• Oestrogen
• LH (luteinising hormone)
• Progesterone

Question 11

What is the role of follicle stimulating hormone
Where is it produced?

Answer 11

Produced in the pituitary gland
Causes an egg to mature in an ovary - stimulates the ovaries to release estrogen

Question 12

Estrogen - produced where? The role
of it in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 12

Produced in the ovaries
Stops FSH from being produced (so that only one egg matures per cycle)
Repairs, thickens and maintains the uterus lining
Stimulates that pituitary gland to release LH

Question 13

luteinising hormone - produced where? What is it’s function?

Answer 13

• produced in the pituitary gland
• triggers ovulation

Question 14

Progesterone - function? Made where?

Answer 14

• produced in the ovaries
• maintains the lining of the uterus during the middle part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy

Question 15

Where is testosterone produced (tip: look at the name)

Answer 15

Testes

Question 16

What is puberty?

Answer 16

When secondary sex characteristic begin to develop

Question 17

Secondary sex characteristic in boys only

Answer 17

• voice breaks and begins to deepen
• body becomes more muscular
• tested begin to produce sperm cells
• hair grows on face and body

Question 18

Secondary sexual characteristics - boys and girls

Answer 18

• pubic hair grows
• underarm hair grows
• sexual organs grow and develop

Question 19

Secondary sexual characteristics - girls

Answer 19

• Voice deepens gradually
• hips get wider
• breast develop
• ovaries start to release egg cells - menstruation starts

Question 20

timeline of the menstrual cycle

Answer 20

DAYS 0-4 / MENSTRUATION = break down of uterus lining tissue
DAYS 4-14 / LINING BUILT BACK UP AGAIN = prepares the uterus lining for fertilisation as it implants there
DAY 14 / OVULATION OCCURS = egg released from the ovaries
DAY 14 - 28 / LINING MAINTAINED = fertilisation is able to occur
…with no egg, it starts over again; it breaks down again (stage 1)
…with an egg, pregnancy starts instead

Question 21

Sperm duct

Answer 21

Sperm passes through this

Question 22

Sex gland

Answer 22

Produced semen that contains sperm cells

Question 23

Testis

Answer 23

Contained in scrotum - bag of skin
Produces sperm and testosterone

Question 24

Penis definition

Answer 24

Passes urine and semen out of the body

Question 25

Urethra

Answer 25

Tube inside the penis to carry urine or semen
A ring of muscle inside stops the two mixing

Question 26

Vagina meaning

Answer 26

Muscular tube that leads to the inside of the body